Laboratory of Active Bio-Based Materials, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
College of Materials science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China.
Adv Mater. 2021 Jul;33(28):e2002264. doi: 10.1002/adma.202002264. Epub 2020 Sep 9.
How do trees support their upright massive bodies? The support comes from the incredibly strong and stiff, and highly crystalline nanoscale fibrils of extended cellulose chains, called cellulose nanofibers. Cellulose nanofibers and their crystalline parts-cellulose nanocrystals, collectively nanocelluloses, are therefore the recent hot materials to incorporate in man-made sustainable, environmentally sound, and mechanically strong materials. Nanocelluloses are generally obtained through a top-down process, during or after which the original surface chemistry and interface interactions can be dramatically changed. Therefore, surface and interface engineering are extremely important when nanocellulosic materials with a bottom-up process are fabricated. Herein, the main focus is on promising chemical modification and nonmodification approaches, aiming to prospect this hot topic from novel aspects, including nanocellulose-, chemistry-, and process-oriented surface and interface engineering for advanced nanocellulosic materials. The reinforcement of nanocelluloses in some functional materials, such as structural materials, films, filaments, aerogels, and foams, is discussed, relating to tailored surface and/or interface engineering. Although some of the nanocellulosic products have already reached the industrial arena, it is hoped that more and more nanocellulose-based products will become available in everyday life in the next few years.
树木如何支撑它们高大的身躯？这种支撑来自于极其强大、坚硬且高度结晶的纤维素链延伸纳米纤维，称为纤维素纳米纤维。因此，纤维素纳米纤维及其结晶部分——纤维素纳米晶，统称为纳米纤维素，是最近热门的材料，可以用于制造人造可持续、环境友好和机械强度高的材料。纳米纤维素通常通过自上而下的过程获得，在此过程中或之后，原始的表面化学和界面相互作用可能会发生显著变化。因此，当使用自下而上的方法制造纳米纤维素材料时，表面和界面工程非常重要。本文主要关注有前途的化学改性和非改性方法，旨在从新颖的角度展望这一热门话题，包括纳米纤维素、化学和面向过程的表面和界面工程，用于先进的纳米纤维素材料。讨论了纳米纤维素在一些功能材料（如结构材料、薄膜、长丝、气凝胶和泡沫）中的增强作用，涉及定制的表面和/或界面工程。尽管一些纳米纤维素产品已经进入工业领域，但希望在未来几年，越来越多的基于纳米纤维素的产品将在日常生活中普及。
