Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
Photosynth Res. 2021 Aug;149(1-2):41-55. doi: 10.1007/s11120-020-00781-4. Epub 2020 Sep 9.
Increasing amounts of experimental evidence show that anthocyanins provide physiological protection to plants under stress. However, the difference in photoprotection mediated by anthocyanins and other photoprotective substances in different seasons is still uncertain. To determine the relationship between anthocyanin accumulation and the photoprotective effects in different seasons, Castanopsis chinensis and Acmena acuminatissima, whose anthocyanin accumulation patterns differ in different seasons, were used as materials to explain how plants adapt to different seasons; as such, their physiological and biochemical responses were analyzed. Young leaves of C. chinensis and A. acuminatissima presented different colors in the different seasons. In summer, the young leaves of C. chinensis were purplish red, while those of A. acuminatissima were light green. In winter, the young leaves of C. chinensis were light green, while those of A. acuminatissima were red. Compared with the young red leaves, the young light green leaves that did not accumulate anthocyanins had higher flavonoid and phenolics contents, total antioxidant capacity, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and relative membrane leakage, and a slower recovery rate in the maximum photochemical efficiency (F/F) after high-light treatment. In addition, the net photosynthesis rate (P), transpiration rate (T), stomatal conductance (g), and the effective quantum yield of PSII (Φ) of the young leaves in winter were significantly lower than those in summer, while the activities of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), and superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) were significantly higher than those in summer. These data indicate that to adapt to seasonal changes anthocyanins, other antioxidative substances and antioxidative enzymes, as well as components involved in the safe dissipation of excitation energy as heat need to cooperate with one another.
越来越多的实验证据表明，花色苷为植物提供了应激下的生理保护。然而，花色苷和其他光保护物质在不同季节介导的光保护作用的差异尚不确定。为了确定花色苷积累与不同季节光保护效应之间的关系，以花色苷积累模式在不同季节存在差异的锥栗和变叶木为材料，解释植物如何适应不同季节；分析其生理生化响应。锥栗和变叶木的幼叶在不同季节呈现不同的颜色。夏季，锥栗的幼叶呈紫红色，而变叶木的幼叶呈淡绿色。冬季，锥栗的幼叶呈淡绿色，而变叶木的幼叶呈红色。与幼红叶相比，不积累花色苷的幼绿叶具有更高的类黄酮和酚类物质含量、总抗氧化能力、非光化学猝灭（NPQ）和相对膜渗漏，以及高光处理后最大光化学效率（F/F）恢复率较慢。此外，冬季幼叶的净光合速率（P）、蒸腾速率（T）、气孔导度（g）和 PSII 的有效量子产量（Φ）显著低于夏季，而冬季 CAT（EC 1.11.1.6）、POD（EC 1.11.1.7）和 SOD（EC 1.15.1.1）的活性显著高于夏季。这些数据表明，为了适应季节性变化，花色苷、其他抗氧化物质和抗氧化酶以及参与安全耗散激发能为热的成分需要相互配合。
