Meeker W C
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1988 Apr;11(2):108-13.
The Health Risk Appraisal instrument links life-style factors with the probability of death by comparing an individual's profile to national averages. The result, usually generated by computer, is used to counsel the individual to modify risk factors that could lead to disease. This paper reviews the validity of the Health Risk Appraisal, its reliability, and its effect on health behavior. While the results of observational studies support the efficacy of the Health Risk Appraisal, more controlled studies have not been able to demonstrate a strong effect. Methodological problems are briefly discussed. Although there are valid criticisms leveled at the procedure, the Health Risk Appraisal has become quite popular as a health education tool and may represent the future in preventive care.
健康风险评估工具通过将个人情况与全国平均水平进行比较，把生活方式因素与死亡概率联系起来。其结果通常由计算机生成，用于指导个人改变可能导致疾病的风险因素。本文回顾了健康风险评估的有效性、可靠性及其对健康行为的影响。虽然观察性研究的结果支持健康风险评估的有效性，但更多对照研究未能证明其有显著效果。文中简要讨论了方法学问题。尽管对该程序存在合理批评，但健康风险评估作为一种健康教育工具已相当普及，可能代表着预防保健的未来。
