Shultz C M
Nurs Clin North Am. 1984 Jun;19(2):271-81.
Examining a patient's lifestyle becomes imperative in a health-promotion and disease-prevention practice. A recently developed, practical lifestyle assessment tool is the Health Risk Appraisal (HRA), which examines the strengths and weaknesses of a patient's health behaviors. An HRA identifies detrimental health practices that predispose a patient to onset of illness. HRA instruments estimate the odds that a person with a given set of characteristics will become ill or die from selected diseases during a specified period of time. The HRA consists of three components: (1) an intake instrument; (2) comparison of patient data with normed data and weighting of patient data to estimate risk; and (3) an individual risk appraisal or output instrument. Users of the tool advocate that best results occur when the HRA is used in combination with other strategies such as health counseling and peer support. For the nurse, an overview of available tools and criteria for tool selection was discussed as well as pros and cons of the instrument. A model was presented that incorporated the use of HRAs with health contracting and health monitoring to assist motivated patients making long-term lifestyle changes. The professional nurse was urged to use and adapt this powerful tool to various practice settings.
在健康促进和疾病预防实践中，检查患者的生活方式变得至关重要。一种最近开发的实用生活方式评估工具是健康风险评估（HRA），它检查患者健康行为的优点和缺点。HRA可识别使患者易患疾病的有害健康行为。HRA工具可估计具有特定特征的人在特定时间段内患病或死于某些疾病的几率。HRA由三个部分组成：（1）一份录入工具；（2）将患者数据与标准数据进行比较，并对患者数据进行加权以估计风险；（3）一份个人风险评估或输出工具。该工具的使用者主张，当HRA与其他策略（如健康咨询和同伴支持）结合使用时，能取得最佳效果。对于护士而言，讨论了可用工具的概述以及工具选择标准，还讨论了该工具的优缺点。提出了一个模型，该模型将HRA的使用与健康契约和健康监测相结合，以帮助有积极性的患者做出长期的生活方式改变。敦促专业护士在各种实践环境中使用并调整这一强大工具。
