Goel Shakti A, Varghese Vicky, Demir Tyfik
Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India.
TOBB Economics, and Technology University Mechanical Engineering Department.Ankara, Turkey.
J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2020 Sep-Oct;11(5):816-821. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.07.004. Epub 2020 Jul 8.
Back pain is a common ailment affecting individuals around the globe. Animal models to understand the back pain mechanism, treatment modalities, and spinal cord injury are widely researched topics worldwide. Despite the presence of several animal models on disc degeneration and Spinal Cord Injury, there is a lack of a comprehensive review.
A methodological narrative literature review was carried out for the study. A total of 1273 publications were found, out of which 763 were related to spine surgery in animals. The literature with full-text availability was selected for the review. Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) guidelines was used to assess the studies. Only English language publications were included which were listed on PubMed. A total of 113 studies were shortlisted (1976-2019) after internal validation scoring.
The animal models for spine surgery ranged from rodents to primates. These are used to study the mechanisms of back pain as well as spinal cord injuries. The models could either be created surgically or through various means like use of electric cautery, chemicals or trauma. Genetic spine models have also been documented in which the injuries are created by genetic alterations and knock outs. Though the dorsal approach is the most common, the literature also mentions the anterior and lateral approach for spine surgery animal experiments.
There are no single perfect animal models to represent and study human models. The selection is based on the application and the methodology. Careful selection is needed to give optimum and appropriate results.
背痛是一种影响全球各地人群的常见疾病。用于理解背痛机制、治疗方式和脊髓损伤的动物模型是全球范围内广泛研究的课题。尽管存在多种关于椎间盘退变和脊髓损伤的动物模型，但仍缺乏全面的综述。
对该研究进行了方法学叙述性文献综述。共找到1273篇出版物，其中763篇与动物脊柱手术相关。选择具有全文的文献进行综述。使用叙述性综述文章评估量表（SANRA）指南来评估这些研究。仅纳入在PubMed上列出的英文出版物。经过内部验证评分后，共筛选出113项研究（1976 - 2019年）。
脊柱手术的动物模型涵盖从啮齿动物到灵长类动物。这些模型用于研究背痛机制以及脊髓损伤。模型可以通过手术创建，也可以通过各种方式创建，如使用电灼、化学物质或创伤。也有文献记载了基因脊柱模型，其中损伤是通过基因改变和基因敲除产生的。虽然背侧入路是最常见的，但文献中也提到了脊柱手术动物实验的前侧和外侧入路。
没有单一完美的动物模型来代表和研究人类模型。选择基于应用和方法。需要仔细选择以获得最佳和合适的结果。
