Karia Rutu, Gupta Ishita, Khandait Harshwardhan, Yadav Ashima, Yadav Anmol
Department of Internal Medicine, Anna Medical College and Research Centre, Montagne Blanche, Mauritius.
Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh India.
SN Compr Clin Med. 2020;2(10):1798-1801. doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00498-4. Epub 2020 Sep 1.
The World Health Organization recognized SARS-CoV-2 as a public health concern and declared it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Over 12 million people have been affected across several countries since it was first recognized. SARS-CoV-2 is thought to commonly spread via respiratory droplets formed while talking, coughing, and sneezing of an infected patient. As several cases, with an absence of travel history to the majorly affected areas were identified, a strong possibility of community transmission could have been possible. Broadly, two modes of transmission of COVID-19 exist-direct and indirect. The direct mode includes (1) transmission via aerosols formed via surgical and dental procedures and/or in the form of respiratory droplet nuclei; (2) other body fluids and secretions, for example, feces, saliva, urine, semen, and tears; and (3) mother-to-child. Indirect transmission may occur via (1) fomites or surfaces (e.g., furniture and fixtures) present within the immediate environment of an infected patient and (2) objects used on the infected person (e.g., stethoscope or thermometer). As many of these modes may be underestimated, it is necessary to emphasize and illustrate them. The goal of this paper is to briefly review how SARS-CoV-2 is shown to transmit via various modes and propose measures to reduce the risk of spread within the population and operating personnel.
世界卫生组织将严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）认定为一个公共卫生问题，并于2020年3月11日宣布其为全球大流行疾病。自首次被发现以来，已有超过1200万人在多个国家受到影响。人们认为SARS-CoV-2通常通过受感染患者说话、咳嗽和打喷嚏时形成的呼吸道飞沫传播。由于发现了几例没有去过主要疫区旅行史的病例，因此很有可能存在社区传播。总体而言，新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）有两种传播方式——直接传播和间接传播。直接传播方式包括：（1）通过外科手术和牙科手术形成的气溶胶和/或以呼吸道飞沫核的形式传播；（2）其他体液和分泌物，例如粪便、唾液、尿液、精液和眼泪；以及（3）母婴传播。间接传播可能通过以下途径发生：（1）受感染患者直接环境中的污染物或表面（例如家具和固定装置），以及（2）在受感染的人身上使用过的物品（例如听诊器或温度计）。由于许多这些传播方式可能被低估，因此有必要对其进行强调和说明。本文的目的是简要回顾SARS-CoV-2如何通过各种方式传播，并提出降低其在人群和操作人员中传播风险的措施。
