Vishnu B, Murugan Senthil, Kalidoss Vinoth K, Sesham Kishore, Ramamurthy Sarah, Bakshi Satvinder S, Francis Yuvaraj M, Kasirajan Sankaran Ponnusamy
Final MBBS Student, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India.
J Cytol. 2024 Jan-Mar;41(1):28-33. doi: 10.4103/joc.joc_53_23. Epub 2023 Dec 28.
SARS-CoV-2 virus causes COVID-19 by infecting nasal and oral cavities primarily by attaching its spike proteins to ACE 2 receptors expressed in epithelial cells.
This study was done to evaluate the micronucleated cell count, metanuclear abnormalities, and genotoxic factor in exfoliated buccal mucosal cell among the COVID-19 suspected patients.
This cross-sectional study was conducted at AIIMS, Mangalagiri, between August and October 2022.
One hundred COVID-19 suspected patients were recruited for this study after obtaining informed and written consent; buccal smear was obtained and stained for papanicolaou test (PAP). The PAP-stained slides were analyzed for micronuclei (MN), pyknotic, karyolytic, and karyorrhexic cell count, respectively. Based on their reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) report, the patients were grouped into COVID-19 positive and negative groups.
The genotoxicity factor was calculated using the micronucleated cell count from both the groups using mean and standard deviation.
The MN, micronucleated cell, pyknotic, karyolitic, and karyorrhexic cell count in COVID-19 positive patients were 24.12, 15.24, 3.08, 2.88 and 4.40, respectively, than COVID-19 negative patients 5.69, 8.17, 1.08, 1.00 and 2.43, respectively. The genotoxicity factor for SARS-CoV-2 was 2.68 which is a positive genotoxic effect on buccal mucosal cells.
SARS-CoV-2 increases the expression of micronucleated cells, pyknotic cells, karyolytic cells, and karyorhexic cells and concludes SARS-CoV-2 is having cytogenotoxic effect on the buccal mucosal cells. This can be used as a reliable marker in identifying the early carcinogenic effects of virus causing COVID-19.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）主要通过其刺突蛋白附着于上皮细胞中表达的血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE 2）受体来感染鼻腔和口腔，从而引发冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。
本研究旨在评估COVID-19疑似患者颊黏膜脱落细胞中的微核细胞计数、核异常情况和遗传毒性因子。
本横断面研究于2022年8月至10月在芒加拉吉里的全印度医学科学研究所进行。
在获得知情书面同意后，招募了100名COVID-19疑似患者参与本研究；获取颊黏膜涂片并进行巴氏染色（PAP）。分别对巴氏染色的玻片进行微核（MN）、固缩、核溶解和核碎裂细胞计数分析。根据患者的逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）报告，将患者分为COVID-19阳性组和阴性组。
使用两组的微核细胞计数，通过均值和标准差计算遗传毒性因子。
COVID-19阳性患者的微核、微核细胞、固缩、核溶解和核碎裂细胞计数分别为24.12、15.24、3.08、2.88和4.40，而COVID-19阴性患者分别为5.69、8.17、1.08、1.00和2.43。SARS-CoV-2的遗传毒性因子为2.68，表明其对颊黏膜细胞具有阳性遗传毒性作用。
SARS-CoV-2增加了微核细胞、固缩细胞、核溶解细胞和核碎裂细胞的表达，并得出SARS-CoV-2对颊黏膜细胞具有细胞遗传毒性作用的结论。这可作为识别导致COVID-19的病毒早期致癌作用的可靠标志物。
