Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise, and Medicine (A-STEM), Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.
Biosocial Science Information, Biedermannsdorf, Austria; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Austria.
Early Hum Dev. 2020 Dec;151:105161. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105161. Epub 2020 Aug 19.
Male digit ratio (2D:4D) correlates positively with the national case fatality rate (CFR) for COVID-19. The severity of COVID-19 may be influenced by a counterbalance between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). SARS-CoV2 cleaves with ACE2 and enters cells leaving an unopposed effect of ACE in the lungs. Both 2D:4D and the ACE I/D polymorphism are covariates of oxygen metabolism. COVID-19 leads to lung damage and a reduction in oxygen saturation of the blood. Here, we examine the interrelationships between 2D:4D, ACE polymorphism, and COVID-19 CFR.
National frequencies/rates were obtained for 2D:4D from the BBC Internet study (n = 41), published values of ACE I/II (n = 39), and COVID-19 CFR from three World Health Organization situation reports (n = 41).
2D:4D was negatively associated with national ACE I/II frequencies. However, there was a positive relationship between male 2D:4D and CFR (right and left 2D:4D, two, and three situation reports respectively). The relationships between ACE I/II and CFR were non-significant. Relationships between male 2D:4D and CFR's were independent of female 2D:4D and ACE I/II.
The ACE I/D polymorphism may influence 2D:4D such that ACE II individuals have lower 2D:4D than ACE DD individuals. Low 2D:4D and ACE II individuals show efficient oxygen metabolism. Therefore, low 2D:4D and ACE II together may protect against COVID-19 severity. The sex-dependent positive correlation between male 2D:4D and CFR is independent of ACE I/II, suggesting that the sex-dependent variation in the ACE2 gene may also influence the 2D:4D phenotype.
男性手指比率（2D:4D）与 COVID-19 的全国病死率（CFR）呈正相关。COVID-19 的严重程度可能受到血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）和血管紧张素转换酶 2（ACE2）之间平衡的影响。SARS-CoV2 与 ACE2 切割并进入细胞，使 ACE 在肺部产生拮抗作用。2D:4D 和 ACE I/D 多态性都是氧代谢的协变量。COVID-19 导致肺部损伤和血液氧饱和度降低。在这里，我们研究了 2D:4D、ACE 多态性和 COVID-19 CFR 之间的相互关系。
从英国广播公司互联网研究（n=41）中获得 2D:4D 的全国频率/比率、ACE I/II 的已发表值（n=39）和来自世界卫生组织三个情况报告的 COVID-19 CFR（n=41）。
2D:4D 与全国 ACE I/II 频率呈负相关。然而，男性 2D:4D 与 CFR 呈正相关（右和左 2D:4D，两个和三个情况报告分别）。ACE I/II 与 CFR 之间的关系没有统计学意义。男性 2D:4D 与 CFR 的关系独立于女性 2D:4D 和 ACE I/II。
ACE I/D 多态性可能影响 2D:4D，使得 ACE II 个体的 2D:4D 低于 ACE DD 个体。低 2D:4D 和 ACE II 个体表现出有效的氧代谢。因此，低 2D:4D 和 ACE II 一起可能预防 COVID-19 的严重程度。男性 2D:4D 与 CFR 之间的性别依赖性正相关与 ACE I/II 无关，这表明 ACE2 基因的性别依赖性变异也可能影响 2D:4D 表型。
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