Mugadza Kudzai, Stark Annegret, Ndungu Patrick G, Nyamori Vincent O
School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
SMRI/NRF SARChI Research Chair in Sugarcane Biorefining, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
Materials (Basel). 2020 Sep 7;13(18):3945. doi: 10.3390/ma13183945.
Considering its availability, renewable character and abundance in nature, this review assesses the opportunity of the application of biomass as a precursor for the production of carbon-based nanostructured materials (CNMs). CNMs are exceptionally shaped nanomaterials that possess distinctive properties, with far-reaching applicability in a number of areas, including the fabrication of sustainable and efficient energy harnessing, conversion and storage devices. This review describes CNM synthesis, properties and modification, focusing on reports using biomass as starting material. Since biomass comprises 60-90% cellulose, the current review takes into account the properties of cellulose. Noting that highly crystalline cellulose poses a difficulty in dissolution, ionic liquids (ILs) are proposed as the solvent system to dissolve the cellulose-containing biomass in generating precursors for the synthesis of CNMs. Preliminary results with cellulose and sugarcane bagasse indicate that ILs can not only be used to make the biomass available in a liquefied form as required for the floating catalyst CVD technique but also to control the heteroatom content and composition in situ for the heteroatom doping of the materials.
考虑到生物质的可得性、可再生性及其在自然界中的丰富性，本综述评估了将生物质用作制备碳基纳米结构材料（CNMs）前驱体的应用机会。CNMs是具有特殊形状的纳米材料，具有独特的性能，在许多领域都有广泛的应用，包括制造可持续且高效的能量采集、转换和存储装置。本综述描述了CNM的合成、性质和改性，重点关注以生物质为起始原料的相关报道。由于生物质含有60%-90%的纤维素，当前综述考虑了纤维素的性质。鉴于高结晶度纤维素在溶解方面存在困难，因此提出使用离子液体（ILs）作为溶剂体系来溶解含纤维素的生物质，从而生成用于合成CNMs的前驱体。对纤维素和甘蔗渣的初步研究结果表明，离子液体不仅可用于使生物质以液化形式满足浮动催化剂化学气相沉积（CVD）技术的要求，还可用于原位控制材料杂原子掺杂的杂原子含量和组成。
