Balachandran Akilandeswari A, Larcher Leon M, Chen Suxiang, Veedu Rakesh N
Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Sep 7;12(9):2534. doi: 10.3390/cancers12092534.
Brain cancer is one among the rare cancers with high mortality rate that affects both children and adults. The most aggressive form of primary brain tumor is glioblastoma. Secondary brain tumors most commonly metastasize from primary cancers of lung, breast, or melanoma. The five-year survival of primary and secondary brain tumors is 34% and 2.4%, respectively. Owing to poor prognosis, tumor heterogeneity, increased tumor relapse, and resistance to therapies, brain cancers have high mortality and poor survival rates compared to other cancers. Early diagnosis, effective targeted treatments, and improved prognosis have the potential to increase the survival rate of patients with primary and secondary brain malignancies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs of approximately 18-22 nucleotides that play a significant role in the regulation of multiple genes. With growing interest in the development of miRNA-based therapeutics, it is crucial to understand the differential role of these miRNAs in the given cancer scenario. This review focuses on the differential expression of ten miRNAs (miR-145, miR-31, miR-451, miR-19a, miR-143, miR-125b, miR-328, miR-210, miR-146a, and miR-126) in glioblastoma and brain metastasis. These miRNAs are highly dysregulated in both primary and metastatic brain tumors, which necessitates a better understanding of their role in these cancers. In the context of the tumor microenvironment and the expression of different genes, these miRNAs possess both oncogenic and/or tumor-suppressive roles within the same cancer.
脑癌是一种罕见的、死亡率高的癌症，影响儿童和成人。原发性脑肿瘤最具侵袭性的形式是胶质母细胞瘤。继发性脑肿瘤最常见的是由肺癌、乳腺癌或黑色素瘤的原发性癌症转移而来。原发性和继发性脑肿瘤的五年生存率分别为34%和2.4%。由于预后不良、肿瘤异质性、肿瘤复发增加以及对治疗的耐药性，与其他癌症相比，脑癌的死亡率高且生存率低。早期诊断、有效的靶向治疗和改善预后有可能提高原发性和继发性脑恶性肿瘤患者的生存率。微小RNA（miRNA）是约18-22个核苷酸的短非编码RNA，在多个基因的调控中起重要作用。随着对基于miRNA的治疗方法开发的兴趣日益增加，了解这些miRNA在特定癌症情况下的差异作用至关重要。本综述重点关注胶质母细胞瘤和脑转移中十种miRNA（miR-145、miR-31、miR-451、miR-19a、miR-143、miR-125b、miR-328、miR-210、miR-146a和miR-126）的差异表达。这些miRNA在原发性和转移性脑肿瘤中均高度失调，这需要更好地了解它们在这些癌症中的作用。在肿瘤微环境和不同基因表达的背景下，这些miRNA在同一癌症中具有致癌和/或抑癌作用。
