Csikós Anett, Németh Márk Z, Frenkel Omer, Kiss Levente, Váczy Kálmán Zoltán
Food and Wine Research Institute, Eszterházy Károly University, H-3300 Eger, Hungary.
Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Sep 7;9(9):1156. doi: 10.3390/plants9091156.
populations, causing powdery mildew of grapes, have a complex genetic structure. Two genotypes, A and B, were identified in most vineyards across the world on the basis of fixed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several DNA regions. It was hypothesized that A populations overwinter as mycelia in grapevine buds, giving rise to so-called flag shoots in spring, and are more sensitive to fungicides than B populations, which overwinter as ascospores and become widespread later in the season. Other studies concluded that the biological significance of these genotypes is unclear. In the spring of 2015, there was a unique opportunity to collect samples from flag shoots in Hungary. The same grapevines were sampled in summer and autumn as well. A total of 182 samples were genotyped on the basis of β-tubulin (), nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) intergenic spacer (IGS), and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Genotypes of 56 samples collected in 2009-2011 were used for comparison. Genotype A was not detected at all in spring, and was present in only 19 samples in total, mixed with genotype B, and sometimes with another frequently found genotype, designated as B2. These results did not support the hypothesis about temporal isolation of the two genotypes and indicated that these are randomly distributed in vineyards.
引起葡萄白粉病的病原菌群体具有复杂的遗传结构。基于几个DNA区域中固定的单核苷酸多态性（SNP），在全球大多数葡萄园鉴定出了两种基因型，A和B。据推测，A群体以菌丝体形式在葡萄芽中越冬，在春季产生所谓的徒长枝，并且比B群体对杀菌剂更敏感，B群体以子囊孢子形式越冬，在季节后期扩散。其他研究得出结论，这些基因型的生物学意义尚不清楚。2015年春季，有一个独特的机会从匈牙利的徒长枝上采集样本。夏季和秋季也对同一葡萄树进行了采样。基于β-微管蛋白（）、核糖体DNA（nrDNA）基因间隔区（IGS）和内转录间隔区（ITS）序列，对总共182个样本进行了基因分型。将2009 - 2011年采集的56个样本的基因型用于比较。春季完全未检测到基因型A，总共仅在19个样本中出现，与基因型B混合，有时还与另一种常见的基因型B2混合。这些结果不支持关于两种基因型时间隔离的假设，并表明它们在葡萄园中随机分布。
