Molinatto Giulia, Demichelis Stefano, Bodino Nicola, Giorgini Massimo, Mori Nicola, Bosco Domenico
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
CNR-Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Strada delle Cacce, 73, 10135 Torino (TO), Italy.
Insects. 2020 Sep 7;11(9):607. doi: 10.3390/insects11090607.
The meadow spittlebug, (L.) (Hemiptera Aphrophoridae), the main vector of Wells et al. in Europe, has few known natural enemies. The endoparasitoid (Fallén) (Diptera, Pipunculidae) was first noticed a long time ago but very little is known about its biology and prevalence. In this study, the presence and prevalence of were investigated in different regions of northern Italy, both in plain-foothill and montane zones. Parasitic larvae were identified by the dissection of spittlebug adults, and (Fallén), and by a new species-specific molecular tool targeting the and genomic regions, developed in this work. A small-scale rearing was set up to gain information on the life cycle of on its main host . During the four-year investigation (2016-2019) the pipunculid parasitoid displayed low prevalence, reaching a maximum parasitization rate of 17.5% (calculated over the adult spittlebug season) in vineyards of the Piemonte region. Over the whole period, no significant difference in the prevalence was found between male and female spittlebugs. Collected data and rearing observations suggest that is monovoltine and synchronous with , laying eggs in newly emerged adults, developing as an endoparasitoid through two larval stages during the whole summer, and overwintering as a pupa in the soil.
草地沫蝉(L.)(半翅目沫蝉科)是欧洲韦尔斯等人发现的主要传播媒介,已知其天敌很少。内寄生蜂(Fallén)(双翅目,头蝇科)早在很久以前就被首次发现,但对其生物学特性和流行情况了解甚少。在本研究中,对意大利北部不同地区,包括平原-山麓和山区,进行了该内寄生蜂的存在情况和流行情况调查。通过解剖沫蝉成虫来鉴定寄生幼虫,以及通过在本研究中开发的一种针对特定基因组区域的新物种特异性分子工具来鉴定。建立了小规模饲养以获取该内寄生蜂在其主要寄主上的生命周期信息。在为期四年的调查(2016 - 2019年)中,头蝇科寄生蜂的流行率较低,在皮埃蒙特地区的葡萄园里,成虫沫蝉季节的最高寄生率达到17.5%(计算得出)。在整个时期内,雄性和雌性沫蝉的流行率没有显著差异。收集的数据和饲养观察表明,该内寄生蜂一年一代且与沫蝉同步,在新羽化的成虫体内产卵,在整个夏季通过两个幼虫阶段发育为内寄生蜂,并在土壤中以蛹的形式越冬。