Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Institute Superconductors, oxides and other innovative materials and devices (SPIN), Napoli, Italy.
PLoS One. 2020 Apr 30;15(4):e0232363. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232363. eCollection 2020.
Xylella fastidiosa pauca ST53 is the bacterium responsible for the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome that has killed millions of olive trees in Southern Italy. A recent work demonstrates that a rational integration of vector and transmission control measures, into a strategy based on chemical and physical control means, can manage Xylella fastidiosa invasion and impact below an acceptable economic threshold. In the present study, we propose a biological alternative to the chemical control action, which involves the predetermined use of an available natural enemy of Philaenus spumarius, i.e., Zelus renardii, for adult vector population and infection biocontrol. The paper combines two different approaches: a laboratory experiment to test the predation dynamics of Zelus renardii on Philaenus spumarius and its attitude as candidate for an inundation strategy; a simulated experiment of inundation, to preliminary test the efficacy of such strategy, before eventually proceeding to an in-field experimentation. With this double-fold approach we show that an inundation strategy with Zelus renardii has the potential to furnish an efficient and "green" solution to Xylella fastidiosa invasion, with a reduction of the pathogen incidence below 10%. The biocontrol model presented here could be promising for containing the impact and spread of Xylella fastidiosa, after an in-field validation of the inundation technique. Saving the fruit orchard, the production and the industry in susceptible areas could thus become an attainable goal, within comfortable parameters for sustainability, environmental safety, and effective plant health protection in organic orchard management.
缓慢型韧皮部坏死菌 ST53 是导致南意大利数百万橄榄树迅速死亡的油橄榄快速衰退综合征的罪魁祸首。最近的一项研究表明，将载体和传播控制措施合理整合到基于化学和物理控制手段的策略中，可以管理韧皮部坏死菌的入侵并将其影响控制在可接受的经济阈值以下。在本研究中，我们提出了一种替代化学控制作用的生物方法，涉及预先使用 Philaenus spumarius 的一种可用天敌，即 Zelus renardii，对成虫种群和感染进行生物防治。本文结合了两种不同的方法：实验室实验测试 Zelus renardii 对 Philaenus spumarius 的捕食动态及其作为淹没策略候选者的态度；淹没模拟实验，初步测试这种策略的效果，然后最终进行实地实验。通过这种双重方法，我们表明，Zelus renardii 的淹没策略有可能为韧皮部坏死菌的入侵提供一种有效且“绿色”的解决方案，将病原体的发病率降低到 10%以下。本文提出的生物防治模型在对淹没技术进行实地验证后，可能有望控制韧皮部坏死菌的影响和传播。在易受感染地区拯救果园、生产和产业，从而成为可持续性、环境安全和有机果园管理中有效植物健康保护的可实现目标。
