Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude, Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
Am J Chin Med. 2020;48(6):1385-1407. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X20500688. Epub 2020 Sep 9.
Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The nutrient-rich resource Cornus Fructus (CF) showed curative effects on diabetes mellitus. However, the mechanism underlying its hyperglycemic activity remains obscure. Herein, the antidiabetic potential of four extracts from CF, including saponin (CTS), iridoid glycoside (CIG), tannin (CT), and alcohol extract (CCA) was evaluated . The results showed that all four extracts could increase the body weight, decrease the blood glucose levels, and elevate the glucose tolerance. Moreover, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile were significantly improved in fed mice. In the [Formula: see text]-diversity index of samples, compared to the DM group, the diversity and richness of gut microbiota in mice to a certain extent were reduced in both CF extracts and Metformin (PC). Among them, there was statistical significance in PC (ACE, [Formula: see text]) and CCA (ACE, [Formula: see text]; chao1: [Formula: see text]). Beta diversity showed the same trend as the UPGMA clustering trees, which revealed that CF extracts could improve intestinal homeostasis in T2DM mice. Also, CF extracts could elevate the production of short-chain fatty acids, as well as regulate the composition of gut microbiota. The key bacteria related to T2DM including Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium were modulated by metformin and CF. Altogether, CF is a potential nutrient-rich candidate that can be used in functional foods for the treatment of T2DM, and the change of gut microbiota might be a novel mechanism underlying its hyperglycemic activity.
越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群在代谢性疾病（尤其是 2 型糖尿病）的发展中起着至关重要的作用。富含营养的山茱萸（Cornus Fructus，CF）提取物对糖尿病具有治疗作用。然而，其降血糖活性的机制尚不清楚。本研究评估了 CF 的四种提取物（包括皂苷（CTS）、环烯醚萜苷（CIG）、单宁（CT）和醇提物（CCA））的抗糖尿病潜力。结果表明，四种提取物均可增加体重、降低血糖水平、提高葡萄糖耐量。此外，还可显著改善喂养小鼠的胰岛素敏感性和血脂谱。在样本的 [Formula: see text]-多样性指数中，与 DM 组相比，CF 提取物和二甲双胍（PC）使糖尿病小鼠的肠道微生物多样性和丰富度在一定程度上降低。其中，PC（ACE，[Formula: see text]）和 CCA（ACE，[Formula: see text]；chao1：[Formula: see text]）有统计学意义。β多样性与 UPGMA 聚类树呈现出相同的趋势，表明 CF 提取物可改善 T2DM 小鼠的肠道稳态。此外，CF 提取物可提高短链脂肪酸的产生，并调节肠道微生物群的组成。与 T2DM 相关的关键细菌，包括厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、乳杆菌属和梭菌属，可被二甲双胍和 CF 调节。总之，CF 是一种有潜力的富含营养的候选物，可用于治疗 T2DM 的功能性食品，而肠道微生物群的变化可能是其降血糖活性的新机制。
