Department of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70111 Szczecin, Poland.
Department of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry and Preclinical Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70111 Szczecin, Poland.
J Healthc Eng. 2020 Aug 24;2020:8828006. doi: 10.1155/2020/8828006. eCollection 2020.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrical activity of the masticatory muscles in children with a bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCCLP) and posterior crossbite as well as in noncleft subjects with no malocclusion. Another purpose of the study was to examine the possible factors associated with this muscle activity.
The study included 52 children with mixed dentition and Class I occlusions (20 patients with nonsyndromic BCCLP and 32 subjects with no clefts). All the cleft patients had posterior crossbite. The surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to identify the electrical potentials of the temporalis and masseter muscles. The electromyographical (EMG) recordings were taken with a DAB-Bluetooth Instrument (zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) at rest and during maximum voluntary clenching (MVC). The relationships between muscle EMG activity and independent variables were identified through multivariate logistic regression analysis.
The EMG activity of the temporalis muscles at rest was significantly higher in BCCLP patients with malocclusion in comparison with the noncleft subjects with normal occlusion. During MVC, significantly lower electrical potentials of the temporalis and masseter muscles were observed in cleft patients compared to the noncleft group. The presence of BCCLP, unilateral posterior crossbites, increased vertical overlap, and increased overjet are factors strongly associated with higher temporalis muscle EMG activity at rest.
The use of surface electromyography in imaging muscle function showed that children with BCCLP and posterior crossbite exhibited altered masticatory muscle potentials at rest and during clenching. The presence of unilateral posterior crossbites, increased vertical overlap, and increased overjet had a significant impact on temporalis muscle activity in cleft patients. This knowledge is important in the aspect of early and proper diagnosis and orthodontic treatment of malocclusions, thereby achieving correct occlusion and improvement in muscle function.
本研究旨在评估双侧完全性唇腭裂（BCCLP）伴后牙反颌及无错颌的儿童的咀嚼肌电活动，并探讨与该肌肉活动相关的可能因素。
本研究纳入了 52 名混合牙列且具有 I 类牙颌的儿童（20 名非综合征性 BCCLP 患者和 32 名无腭裂的受试者）。所有腭裂患者均伴有后牙反颌。采用表面肌电图（sEMG）来识别颞肌和咬肌的电潜能。使用 DAB-Bluetooth 仪器（zebris Medical GmbH，德国）在休息和最大自主紧咬（MVC）时记录肌电图（EMG）。通过多变量逻辑回归分析确定肌肉 EMG 活性与独立变量之间的关系。
与正常牙颌的无腭裂受试者相比，存在错颌的 BCCLP 患者在休息时颞肌的 EMG 活性明显更高。在 MVC 时，与无腭裂组相比，腭裂患者的颞肌和咬肌的电潜力明显较低。BCCLP、单侧后牙反颌、垂直覆颌增加和覆盖增加是与休息时颞肌 EMG 活性较高密切相关的因素。
表面肌电图在肌肉功能成像中的应用表明，BCCLP 伴后牙反颌的儿童在休息和紧咬时表现出咀嚼肌电位改变。单侧后牙反颌、垂直覆颌增加和覆盖增加对腭裂患者的颞肌活动有显著影响。这些知识对于早期正确诊断和正畸治疗错颌畸形以及实现正确的牙颌和改善肌肉功能非常重要。
