MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Sep 11;69(36):1233-1237. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6936a1.
National Preparedness month is observed every September as a public service reminder of the importance of personal and community preparedness for all events; it coincides with the peak of the hurricane season in the United States. Severe storms and hurricanes can have long-lasting effects at all community levels. Persons who are prepared and well-informed are often better able to protect themselves and others (1). Major hurricanes can devastate low-lying coastal areas and cause injury and loss of life from storm surge, flooding, and high winds (2). State and local government entities play a significant role in preparing communities for hurricanes and by evacuating coastal communities before landfall to reduce loss of life from flooding, wind, and power outages (3). Laws can further improve planning and outreach for catastrophic events by ensuring explicit statutory authority over evacuations of communities at risk (4). State evacuation laws vary widely and might not adequately address information and communication flows to reach populations living in disaster-prone areas who are at risk. To understand the range of evacuation laws in coastal communities that historically have been affected by hurricanes, a systematic policy scan of the existing laws supporting hurricane evacuation in eight southern coastal states (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas) was conducted. After conducting a thematic analysis, this report found that all eight states have laws to execute evacuation orders, traffic control (egress/ingress), and evacuation to shelters. However, only four of the states have laws related to community outreach, delivery of public education programs, and public notice requirements. The findings in this report suggest a need for authorities in hurricane-prone states to review how to execute evacuation policies, particularly with respect to community outreach and communication to populations at risk. Implementation of state evacuation laws and policies that support hurricane evacuation management can help affected persons avoid harm and enhance community resiliency (5). Newly emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have and will continue to additionally challenge hurricane evacuations.
国家备灾月于每年 9 月举行，旨在提醒公众注意个人和社区对所有事件的备灾重要性；此时恰逢美国飓风季节的高峰期。严重的风暴和飓风可能会对所有社区层面造成持久影响。有准备和消息灵通的人通常能够更好地保护自己和他人（1）。大型飓风会摧毁沿海低洼地区，并因风暴潮、洪水和强风（2）造成人员伤亡和生命损失。州和地方政府实体在为飓风做准备以及在飓风登陆前疏散沿海社区方面发挥着重要作用，以减少洪水、风和停电造成的生命损失（3）。法律可以通过确保对处于危险中的社区的疏散有明确的法定权力，进一步改善灾难性事件的规划和外联工作（4）。州际疏散法律差异很大，可能无法充分解决向处于受灾风险中的人口提供信息和通信的问题。为了了解历史上受飓风影响的沿海社区的疏散法律范围，对八个南部沿海州（阿拉巴马州、佛罗里达州、佐治亚州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡罗来纳州、南卡罗来纳州和德克萨斯州）支持飓风疏散的现有法律进行了系统的政策扫描。在进行主题分析后，本报告发现，所有八个州都有执行疏散命令、交通管制（出口/入口）和疏散到避难所的法律。然而，只有四个州的法律与社区外联、公共教育计划的提供和公共通知要求有关。本报告的调查结果表明，飓风多发州的当局需要审查如何执行疏散政策，特别是在针对处于危险中的人群的社区外联和沟通方面。实施支持飓风疏散管理的州际疏散法律和政策可以帮助受灾人员避免伤害并增强社区的弹性（5）。新出现和重新出现的传染病，如严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2），这种病毒会导致 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19），已经并将继续对飓风疏散造成额外挑战。
