Forsyth Center for Salivary Diagnostics, Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Metabolomics. 2020 Sep 11;16(9):98. doi: 10.1007/s11306-020-01719-6.
Salivary metabolite profiles are altered in adults with HIV compared to their uninfected counterparts. Less is known about youth with HIV and how oral disorders that commonly accompany HIV infection impact salivary metabolite levels.
As part of the Adolescent Master Protocol multi-site cohort study of the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS) network we compared the salivary metabolome of youth with perinatally-acquired HIV (PHIV) and youth HIV-exposed, but uninfected (PHEU) and determined whether metabolites differ in PHIV versus PHEU.
We used three complementary targeted and discovery-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) workflows to characterize salivary metabolite levels in 20 PHIV and 20 PHEU youth with and without moderate periodontitis. We examined main effects associated with PHIV and periodontal disease, and the interaction between them.
We did not identify differences in salivary metabolite profiles that remained significant under stringent control for both multiple between-group comparisons and multiple metabolites. Levels of cadaverine, a known periodontitis-associated metabolite, were more abundant in individuals with periodontal disease with the difference being more pronounced in PHEU than PHIV. In the discovery-based dataset, we identified a total of 564 endogenous peptides in the metabolite extracts, showing that proteolytic processing and amino acid metabolism are important to consider in the context of HIV infection.
The salivary metabolite profiles of PHIV and PHEU youth were overall very similar. Individuals with periodontitis particularly among the PHEU youth had higher levels of cadaverine, suggesting that HIV infection, or its treatment, may influence the metabolism of oral bacteria.
与未感染的成年人相比，HIV 感染者的唾液代谢物谱发生了改变。对于 HIV 青少年患者，以及伴随 HIV 感染的常见口腔疾病如何影响唾液代谢物水平，我们知之甚少。
作为儿科 HIV/AIDS 队列研究（PHACS）网络青少年综合协议多中心队列研究的一部分，我们比较了经母体感染 HIV（PHIV）和 HIV 暴露但未感染（PHEU）的青少年的唾液代谢组，并确定 PHIV 与 PHEU 之间的代谢物是否存在差异。
我们使用三种互补的靶向和基于发现的液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）工作流程来描述 20 名 PHIV 和 20 名 PHEU 青少年的唾液代谢物水平，这些青少年有或没有中度牙周炎。我们研究了与 PHIV 和牙周病相关的主要效应，并研究了它们之间的相互作用。
我们没有发现唾液代谢物谱存在差异，这些差异在严格控制多组间比较和多个代谢物的情况下仍然具有统计学意义。尸胺是一种已知与牙周病相关的代谢物，在患有牙周病的个体中其水平更为丰富，而在 PHEU 中的差异比 PHIV 更为明显。在基于发现的数据集，我们在代谢物提取物中总共鉴定出 564 种内源性肽，表明 HIV 感染的情况下，蛋白水解加工和氨基酸代谢是需要考虑的重要因素。
PHIV 和 PHEU 青少年的唾液代谢物谱总体非常相似。牙周病患者，尤其是 PHEU 青少年患者的尸胺水平较高，这表明 HIV 感染或其治疗可能会影响口腔细菌的代谢。
