Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 400 Trabalhador São-carlense Avenue, Zip code: 13566-590, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 400 Trabalhador São-carlense Avenue, Zip code: 13566-590, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
Water Res. 2020 Nov 1;186:116352. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116352. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
Household slow sand filters (HSSFs) improve the quality of life in rural communities as they provide safe water. However, HSSFs require time for the growth of the biological layer (schmutzdecke) to achieve maximum performance, especially when groundwater is used as it normally has few nutrients. In this ripening period, pathogenic microorganisms can pass through the filter. In this context, this study reports the performance of two HSSF settings, intermittent (I-HSSF) and continuous (C-HSSF) flows followed by disinfection with sodium hypochlorite to treat groundwater with Escherichia coli, Giardia muris cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. The weekly introduction of river water was tested as a filter-ripening agent and this procedure reduced the ripening time in approximately 80 days. Filtered water disinfection improved the water quality and inactivated protozoa. The costs and operational challenges addressed in this study can provide support to HSSF technology transfer in rural communities worldwide.
家用慢砂滤池（HSSF）通过提供安全用水改善了农村社区的生活质量。然而，HSSF 需要时间让生物层（schmutzdecke）生长以达到最佳性能，特别是当使用地下水时，因为地下水通常缺乏营养。在这个成熟阶段，致病微生物可以穿透过滤器。在这种情况下，本研究报告了两种 HSSF 设置（间歇式（I-HSSF）和连续式（C-HSSF））的性能，随后用次氯酸钠消毒，以处理含有大肠杆菌、鼠贾第虫囊和微小隐孢子虫卵囊的地下水。每周引入河水作为过滤器成熟剂的测试，该程序将成熟时间缩短了约 80 天。过滤后的水消毒提高了水质并灭活了原生动物。本研究中涉及的成本和运营挑战可为全球农村社区的 HSSF 技术转移提供支持。
