Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research, and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
Ann Epidemiol. 2021 Jan;53:89-94.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.09.001. Epub 2020 Sep 10.
This study aimed to investigate time trends in relative and absolute socioeconomic inequality in smoking prevalence in Germany using several indicators for socioeconomic position.
We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study using representative samples of the German population aged between 25 and 64 years in 1995, 1999, 2005, 2009, and 2013 (n = 857,264). Socioeconomic position was measured by indicators for income, education, and occupation. Relative and absolute socioeconomic inequalities were estimated with the regression-based relative index of inequality and the slope index of inequality, respectively. Trends in inequalities were estimated with interaction terms for time and relative index of inequality/slope index of inequality.
Highest and increasing smoking prevalence was observed among long-term unemployed and people with less than 60% of the median household income. Between 1995 and 2013, relative increases in inequalities in smoking prevalence ranged from 31% (95% confidence interval, 26%-36%; men, occupation) to 94% (95% confidence interval, 84%-104%; women, education). Absolute increases ranged from 6.2 (95% confidence interval, 4.7-7.6) percentage points (men, occupation) to 20.3 (95% confidence interval, 18.9-21.7) percentage points (women, education).
Relative and absolute socioeconomic inequalities in smoking prevalence increased in Germany between 1995 and 2013, with regard to income, education, and occupation, particularly among women.
本研究旨在使用几种社会经济地位指标，调查德国吸烟流行率的相对和绝对社会经济不平等的时间趋势。
我们使用了 1995 年、1999 年、2005 年、2009 年和 2013 年年龄在 25 至 64 岁之间的德国代表性人群样本进行了一项重复的横断面研究（n=857264）。社会经济地位由收入、教育和职业的指标来衡量。相对和绝对社会经济不平等分别用基于回归的相对不平等指数和斜率指数来估计。不平等趋势用时间和相对不平等指数/斜率指数的交互项来估计。
最高和不断增加的吸烟率出现在长期失业者和收入低于中位数家庭收入 60%的人群中。1995 年至 2013 年间，吸烟流行率的相对不平等程度的增长幅度从 31%（95%置信区间，26%-36%；男性，职业）到 94%（95%置信区间，84%-104%；女性，教育）。绝对增长幅度从 6.2（95%置信区间，4.7-7.6）个百分点（男性，职业）到 20.3（95%置信区间，18.9-21.7）个百分点（女性，教育）。
1995 年至 2013 年间，德国的吸烟流行率的相对和绝对社会经济不平等程度有所增加，涉及收入、教育和职业，特别是在女性中。
