Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.
Int J Equity Health. 2019 Sep 18;18(1):148. doi: 10.1186/s12939-019-1051-x.
The aim of this study was to investigate long-term trends in smoking prevalence and its socioeconomic inequalities in Korea.
Data were collected from 10 rounds of the Social Survey of Statistics Korea between 1992 and 2016. A total of 524,866 men and women aged 19 or over were analyzed. Age-adjusted smoking prevalence was calculated according to three major socioeconomic position indicators: education, occupational class, and income. The prevalence difference, prevalence ratio, slope index of inequality (SII), and relative index of inequality (RII) were calculated to examine the magnitude of inequality in smoking.
Smoking prevalence among men decreased from 71.7% in 1992 to 39.7% in 2016, while smoking prevalence among women decreased from 6.5% in 1992 to 3.3% in 2016. Socioeconomic inequalities in smoking prevalence according to the three socioeconomic position indicators were found in both men and women throughout the study period. In general, absolute and relative socioeconomic inequalities in smoking, measured by prevalence difference and prevalence ratio for education and occupational class, widened during the study period among Korean men and women. In men, the SII for income increased from 7.6% in 1999 to 10.8% in 2016 and the RII for income also increased from 1.11 in 1999 to 1.31 in 2016. In women, the SII for income increased from 0.1% in 1999 to 2.4% in 2016 and the RII for income increased from 1.39 in 1999 to 2.25 in 2016.
Pro-rich socioeconomic inequalities in smoking prevalence were found in men and women. Socioeconomic inequalities in smoking have increased in parallel with the implementation of tobacco control policies. Tobacco control policies should be developed to decrease socioeconomic inequalities in cigarette use in Korea.
本研究旨在探讨韩国吸烟流行率及其社会经济不平等的长期趋势。
数据来自韩国统计调查局 1992 年至 2016 年进行的 10 轮社会调查。共分析了 524866 名年龄在 19 岁及以上的男性和女性。根据教育、职业阶层和收入这三个主要的社会经济地位指标，计算了年龄调整后的吸烟流行率。计算了流行率差异、流行率比、不平等斜率指数（SII）和相对不平等指数（RII），以检验吸烟不平等的程度。
男性的吸烟率从 1992 年的 71.7%下降到 2016 年的 39.7%，而女性的吸烟率从 1992 年的 6.5%下降到 2016 年的 3.3%。在整个研究期间，根据三个社会经济地位指标，男性和女性的吸烟流行率都存在社会经济不平等。一般来说，在韩国男性和女性中，通过教育和职业阶层的流行率差异和流行率比来衡量的吸烟的绝对和相对社会经济不平等在研究期间扩大了。在男性中，收入的 SII 从 1999 年的 7.6%增加到 2016 年的 10.8%，收入的 RII 也从 1999 年的 1.11 增加到 2016 年的 1.31。在女性中，收入的 SII 从 1999 年的 0.1%增加到 2016 年的 2.4%，收入的 RII 从 1999 年的 1.39 增加到 2016 年的 2.25。
在男性和女性中发现了吸烟流行率的贫富不平等。随着控烟政策的实施，吸烟的社会经济不平等有所增加。韩国应制定控烟政策，减少香烟使用方面的社会经济不平等。
