Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia.
Curr Diabetes Rev. 2021;17(4):503-511. doi: 10.2174/1573399816666200914140939.
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at significantly higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). There is a scarcity of literature reviews that describe and summarize T2DM patients' knowledge and perception about CVD prevention.
To describe and summarize the assessment of knowledge and perceptions about CVD risk and preventive approaches among patients with T2DM.
A scoping review methodology was adopted, and three scientific databases, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed were searched using predefined search terms. A multistage screening process that considered relevancy, publication year (2009-2019), English language, and article type (original research) was followed. We formulated research questions focused on the assessment of levels of knowledge and perceptions of the illness relevant to CVD prevention and the identification of associated patients' characteristics.
A total of 16 studies were included. Patients were not confident to identify CVD risk and other clinical consequences that may occur in the prognostic pathway of T2DM. Furthermore, patients were less likely to identify all CV risk factors indicating a lack of understanding of the multi-- factorial contribution of CVD risk. Patients' beliefs about medications were correlated with their level of adherence to medications for CVD prevention. Many knowledge gaps were identified, including the basic disease expectations at the time of diagnosis, identification of individuals' CVD risk factors, and management aspects. Knowledge and perceptions were affected by patients' demographic characteristics, e.g., educational level, race, age, and area of residence.
There are knowledge gaps concerning the understanding of CVD risk among patients with T2DM. The findings necessitate educational initiatives to boost CVD prevention among patients with T2DM. Furthermore, these should be individualized based on patients' characteristics, knowledge gaps, disease duration, and estimated CVD risk.
2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者发生心血管疾病（CVD）的风险显著增加。目前，描述和总结 T2DM 患者对 CVD 预防的知识和认知的文献综述较少。
描述和总结 T2DM 患者 CVD 风险和预防方法的知识和认知评估。
采用范围综述方法，使用预定义的搜索词在三个科学数据库（Google Scholar、Science Direct 和 PubMed）中进行搜索。随后采用多阶段筛选程序，考虑相关性、出版年份（2009-2019 年）、英语语言和文章类型（原始研究）。我们制定了研究问题，重点关注评估与 CVD 预防相关的疾病知识和认知水平，以及确定相关患者特征。
共纳入 16 项研究。患者无法自信地识别 CVD 风险和其他可能发生在 T2DM 预后途径中的临床后果。此外，患者不太可能识别所有 CV 危险因素，这表明他们对 CVD 风险的多因素贡献缺乏了解。患者对药物的信念与其对 CVD 预防药物的依从性相关。确定了许多知识差距，包括诊断时的基本疾病预期、个体 CVD 危险因素的识别以及管理方面。知识和认知受到患者人口统计学特征的影响，例如教育水平、种族、年龄和居住区域。
T2DM 患者对 CVD 风险的理解存在知识差距。研究结果需要开展教育计划，以提高 T2DM 患者的 CVD 预防意识。此外，这些计划应根据患者的特征、知识差距、疾病持续时间和估计的 CVD 风险进行个体化。
