Milford, PA, USA.
IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors. 2020 Apr-Jun;8(2):105-111. doi: 10.1080/24725838.2020.1823526. Epub 2020 Sep 29.
OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS The 1990 publication of the by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) was a milestone in the history of occupational ergonomics and the prevention of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). This paper provides an overview of the development of these guidelines based on personal experience and perception, with special emphasis of the central role the industry trade association, the American Meat Institute (AMI). Industry-wide efforts were successful in reducing the extremely high rates of WMSDs in the U.S. meatpacking industry. Described here are the specific steps the AMI undertook, which serve as a model for other groups on ways to address shared problems. Insights are also offered on why these OSHA guidelines were accepted by industry and succeeded, while other equivalent standards did not - including to some extent the application of concepts of cognitive ergonomics to government documents. This report addresses specific events in the U.S., but the implications are broader and have potential widespread relevance.
职业应用 1990 年，美国职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）发布了《肌肉骨骼疾患预防实用指南》，这是职业人体工程学和工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患（WMSDs）预防历史上的一个里程碑。本文基于个人经验和认知，概述了这些指南的发展，特别强调了行业贸易协会美国肉类协会（AMI）的核心作用。全行业的努力成功降低了美国肉类加工业极高的 WMSDs 发生率。本文描述了 AMI 所采取的具体步骤，为其他团体提供了一种解决共同问题的模式。本文还就为什么这些 OSHA 指南被行业接受并取得成功，而其他同等标准却没有——包括在某种程度上将认知工效学概念应用于政府文件——提供了一些见解。本报告涉及美国的具体事件，但所涉问题具有更广泛的意义，可能具有广泛的相关性。
