Moan Inger Synnøve, Bye Elin K, Storvoll Elisabet E, Lund Ingunn Olea
Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norway.
Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norway.
Nordisk Alkohol Nark. 2019 Oct;36(5):413-429. doi: 10.1177/1455072519836372. Epub 2019 May 30.
While it is documented that substance use harms others than the user, less is known about which substances people experience most harm from, and who the victims and perpetrators are. The aims were: (i) to estimate the prevalence of and overlap in self-reported harm from others' alcohol, cigarette, and illegal drug use; (ii) to examine potential differences in the prevalence of harm from close relations' and strangers' use; and (iii) to examine how the prevalence of harm varies according to demographics and the respondents' substance use.
Population surveys conducted among 16-64-year-old Norwegians in 2012 and 2016 ( = 3407) assessed self-reported harm from others' alcohol, cigarette and illegal drug use with identical measures, demographic variables and the respondents' substance use.
Experience of harm from others' alcohol use was most common, followed by others' smoking. For all three substances, a higher proportion experienced harm from close relations' use. Nearly half had experienced harm from others' use of at least one substance. Women and younger participants were more likely to report harm from others' alcohol and cigarette use. While alcohol and illegal drug users were more often harmed by others' use of these substances, smokers reported being less often harmed by others' smoking.
Self-reported harm from others' alcohol, cigarette and illegal drug use corresponds with the prevalence of use of these substances in Norway. For all three substances, close relations' use accounted for more harm than strangers' use. Own substance use was an important correlate of experienced harm.
虽然有文献记载物质使用对使用者以外的其他人造成伤害，但对于人们因哪些物质受到的伤害最大，以及受害者和加害者是谁，我们了解得较少。目的如下：（i）估计自我报告的因他人饮酒、吸烟和使用非法药物而受到伤害的患病率及重叠情况；（ii）研究因亲密关系者和陌生人使用这些物质而受到伤害的患病率的潜在差异；（iii）研究伤害患病率如何根据人口统计学特征和受访者的物质使用情况而变化。
2012年和2016年对16 - 64岁挪威人进行的人口调查（n = 3407）使用相同的测量方法、人口统计学变量和受访者的物质使用情况，评估了自我报告的因他人饮酒、吸烟和使用非法药物而受到的伤害。
因他人饮酒而受到伤害的经历最为常见，其次是他人吸烟。对于所有三种物质，更高比例的人因亲密关系者的使用而受到伤害。近一半的人曾因他人使用至少一种物质而受到伤害。女性和年轻参与者更有可能报告因他人饮酒和吸烟而受到伤害。虽然饮酒者和非法药物使用者更常因他人使用这些物质而受到伤害，但吸烟者报告因他人吸烟而受到伤害的情况较少。
自我报告的因他人饮酒、吸烟和使用非法药物而受到的伤害与挪威这些物质的使用患病率相符。对于所有三种物质，亲密关系者的使用造成的伤害比陌生人的使用更多。自身的物质使用是所经历伤害的一个重要相关因素。
