Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada.
National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
J Fish Dis. 2020 Nov;43(11):1331-1352. doi: 10.1111/jfd.13228. Epub 2020 Sep 15.
Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a common and widely distributed virus of salmonids. Since its discovery in 2010, the virus has been detected in wild and farmed stocks from North America, South America, Europe and East Asia in both fresh and salt water environments. Phylogenetic analysis suggests three distinct genogroups of PRV with generally discrete host tropisms and/or regional patterns. PRV-1 is found mainly in Atlantic (Salmo salar), Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Salmon of Europe and the Americas; PRV-2 has only been detected in Coho Salmon of Japan; and PRV-3 has been reported primarily in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Europe. All three genotypes can establish high-load systemic infections by targeting red blood cells for principal replication. Each genotype has also demonstrated potential to cause circulatory disease. At the same time, high-load PRV infections occur in non-diseased salmon and trout, indicating a complexity for defining PRV's role in disease aetiology. Here, we summarize the current body of knowledge regarding PRV following 10 years of study.
鱼类正呼肠孤病毒（PRV）是一种常见且广泛分布于鲑鱼科鱼类中的病毒。自 2010 年发现以来，该病毒已在北美的野生和养殖种群以及南美、欧洲和东亚的淡水和咸水环境中被检测到。系统进化分析表明，PRV 存在三个不同的基因群，通常具有不同的宿主趋向性和/或区域模式。PRV-1 主要存在于欧洲和美洲的大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）、奇努克鲑（Oncorhynchus tshawytscha）和银鲑（Oncorhynchus kisutch）中；PRV-2 仅在日本的银鲑中被检测到；PRV-3 主要存在于欧洲的虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）中。这三种基因型都可以通过针对红细胞进行主要复制来建立高负荷的系统性感染。每种基因型也都有引起循环系统疾病的潜力。与此同时，在没有疾病的鲑鱼和鳟鱼中也会发生高负荷的 PRV 感染，这表明要确定 PRV 在疾病发病机制中的作用非常复杂。在这里，我们总结了在经过 10 年的研究后，目前对 PRV 的了解。
