Microsoft Research, Herzeliya, Israel.
Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
J Med Internet Res. 2020 Sep 16;22(9):e21922. doi: 10.2196/21922.
Recent research has shown the efficacy of screening for serious medical conditions from data collected while people interact with online services. In particular, queries to search engines and the interactions with them were shown to be advantageous for screening a range of conditions including diabetes, several forms of cancer, eating disorders, and depression. These screening abilities offer unique advantages in that they can serve a broad strata of the society, including people in underserved populations and in countries with poor access to medical services. However, these advantages need to be balanced against the potential harm to privacy, autonomy, and nonmaleficence, which are recognized as the cornerstones of ethical medical care. Here, we discuss these opportunities and challenges, both when collecting data to develop online screening services and when deploying them. We offer several solutions that balance the advantages of these services with the ethical challenges they pose.
最近的研究表明，从人们与在线服务交互时收集的数据中筛选严重医疗状况是有效的。特别是，对搜索引擎的查询及其交互被证明有利于筛选一系列疾病，包括糖尿病、多种癌症、饮食失调和抑郁症。这些筛选能力具有独特的优势，因为它们可以为社会的广泛阶层服务，包括服务不足的人群和医疗服务获取机会有限的国家。然而，这些优势需要与对隐私、自主权和不伤害的潜在危害相平衡，这些被认为是道德医疗保健的基石。在这里，我们讨论了在开发在线筛选服务时收集数据和部署这些服务时的这些机会和挑战。我们提供了一些解决方案，这些方案平衡了这些服务的优势与它们带来的道德挑战。
