Frick R W
Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0345.
Br J Psychol. 1988 May;79 ( Pt 2):213-40. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1988.tb02284.x.
This article makes several related claims about the auditory short-term store (ASTS) tested by immediate ordered recall. The first claim is that the representation in ASTS is uncategorical and unparsed. The second claim is that there is a stage of recovery just prior to recall, in which the information in ASTS is parsed and categorized. Finally, it is proposed that the amount of representational medium in ASTS is fixed and allocated proportionally to each item in the presentation. When too many items are presented, the items are not represented with sufficient fidelity to be recovered, leading to the phenomenon of limited capacity. These claims are contrasted to the predictions of a slot model, in which ASTS is hypothesized to store a fixed number of categorical and parsed items. Novel explanations are given for several phenomena in immediate ordered recall, including the Hebb effect, the correlation between perceptibility and capacity, and serial position curves.
本文就通过即时顺序回忆测试的听觉短期存储（ASTS）提出了几个相关主张。第一个主张是，ASTS中的表征是无类别且未解析的。第二个主张是，在回忆之前存在一个恢复阶段，在这个阶段中，ASTS中的信息被解析和分类。最后，有人提出，ASTS中表征媒介的数量是固定的，并按比例分配给呈现中的每个项目。当呈现的项目过多时，这些项目就无法以足够的保真度被表征以便恢复，从而导致容量有限的现象。这些主张与插槽模型的预测形成对比，在插槽模型中，假设ASTS存储固定数量的类别化和已解析项目。本文还对即时顺序回忆中的几种现象给出了新颖的解释，包括赫布效应、可感知性与容量之间的相关性以及系列位置曲线。
