Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
Molecules. 2020 Sep 15;25(18):4236. doi: 10.3390/molecules25184236.
Efficient separation technologies are crucial to the environment and world economy. The challenge posed to scientists is how to engineer selectivity towards a targeted substrate, especially from multicomponent solutions. Polymer-supported reagents have gained a lot of attention in this context, as they eliminate a lot of inconveniences concerning widely used solvent extraction techniques. Nevertheless, the choice of an appropriate ligand for immobilization may be derived from the behavior of soluble compounds under solvent extraction conditions. Organophosphorus compounds play a significant role in separation science and technology. The features they possess, such as variable oxidation states, multivalence, asymmetry and metal-binding properties, highlight their status as a unique and versatile class of compounds, capable of selective separations proceeding through different mechanisms. This review provides a detailed survey of polymers containing phosphoric, phosphonic and phosphinic acid functionalities in the side chain and covers main advances in the preparation and application of these materials in separation science, including the most relevant synthesis routes (Arbuzov, Perkow, Mannich, Kabachnik-Fields reactions, etc.), as well as the main stages in the development of organophosphorus resins and the most important achievements in the field.
高效的分离技术对环境和世界经济至关重要。科学家面临的挑战是如何设计对目标底物的选择性，特别是从多组分溶液中。聚合物负载的试剂在这方面引起了广泛关注，因为它们消除了广泛使用的溶剂萃取技术的许多不便。然而，选择合适的配体进行固定化可能源于可溶性化合物在溶剂萃取条件下的行为。有机磷化合物在分离科学和技术中起着重要的作用。它们具有可变的氧化态、多价性、不对称性和金属结合特性，这突出了它们作为一类独特而多功能的化合物的地位，能够通过不同的机制进行选择性分离。本文综述了侧链含有磷酸、膦酸和次膦酸官能团的聚合物，并介绍了这些材料在分离科学中的制备和应用方面的主要进展，包括最相关的合成路线（Arbuzov、Perkow、Mannich、Kabachnik-Fields 反应等），以及有机磷树脂发展的主要阶段和该领域的重要成果。
