Kotova A L, Kondratskaya S A, Yasutis I M
Alma-Ata Medical Institute, USSR.
J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1988;32(1):71-8.
Salmonella carrier state (42.6%-S. enteritidis and 34.4%-S. dublin) was demonstrated in subjects after acute salmonellosis as well as in healthy persons infected with salmonella as a result of occupational exposure to poultry (8.8% in humans exposed to chickens and 6.1% in those exposed to ducks) and sheep (2.8%). The carrier state was accompanied by intermittent pain in the epigastrium, diminished appetite, diarrhoea etc. Most of the carrier subjects with a history of salmonellosis exhibited, upon rectoromanoscopy, a varying degree of proctosigmoiditsi. The etiological role of S. typhimurium was proved beyond doubt, as well as its ability to cause salmonellosis outbursts, sporadic cases of the disease and the carrier state. When large industrial facilities specializing in poultry processing were investigated, the salmonella carrier state was revealed in practically healthy poultry--in 16% of chickens and 12% of ducks. The salmonella organisms isolated from carrier persons had, with some exceptions, typical properties, being virulent in that they caused death of experimental animals, seeded their internal organs and induced pathogenicity-associated enzymes. Multiple resistance to antibiotics was demonstrated in salmonella isolated from poultry; also determined was its plasmid nature. Pronounced resistance of the above salmonella subtypes to tetracycline-related antibiotics and streptomycin may be due to the fact that these drugs are used in poultry raising.
在急性沙门氏菌病患者以及因职业接触家禽（接触鸡的人群中占8.8%，接触鸭的人群中占6.1%）和绵羊（占2.8%）而感染沙门氏菌的健康人中，均证实存在沙门氏菌携带状态（肠炎沙门氏菌占42.6%，都柏林沙门氏菌占34.4%）。携带状态伴有上腹部间歇性疼痛、食欲减退、腹泻等症状。大多数有沙门氏菌病史的携带者在直肠乙状结肠镜检查时，均表现出不同程度的直肠乙状结肠炎。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的病因学作用以及其引发沙门氏菌病暴发、散发病例和携带状态的能力已得到确凿证实。在调查专门从事家禽加工的大型工业设施时，在实际健康的家禽中发现了沙门氏菌携带状态——鸡中占16%，鸭中占12%。从携带者身上分离出的沙门氏菌除少数例外，具有典型特性，具有致病性，可导致实验动物死亡、在其内脏中定植并诱导产生与致病性相关的酶。从家禽中分离出的沙门氏菌对多种抗生素具有耐药性，其质粒性质也已确定。上述沙门氏菌亚型对四环素类抗生素和链霉素的显著耐药性可能是由于这些药物在家禽养殖中使用所致。
