Leahy Eithne, Shome Rajeswari, Deka Ram Pratim, Sahay Swati, Grace Delia, Mazeri Stella, Lindahl Johanna F
Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
Department ofAgricultural Research, ICAR- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bengaluru, India.
Infect Ecol Epidemiol. 2020 Jun 23;10(1):1783091. doi: 10.1080/20008686.2020.1783091.
Small ruminants are the main reservoirs for brucellosis and coxiellosis, two zoonotic diseases affecting livestock production, and posing a public health threat in India. Understanding disease prevalence and risk factors associated with small ruminant infection can help mitigate disease transmission. We report a cross-sectional survey in the states of Assam and Odisha in Eastern India. We interviewed 244 farmers to assess knowledge, attitude and practices relevant to brucellosis and coxiellosis infection. Serum samples from 411 goats and 21 sheep were analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Rose-Bengal agglutination plate test. Higher and seroprevalence were found in Odisha (22% and 11.5%, respectively) than Assam (9.8% and 1.6%, respectively), and certain districts in Odisha were at higher risk. No association was found between seropositive animals and clinical signs, a challenge when attempting to identify seropositive animals in the herd. None of the farmers interviewed were aware of brucellosis, its aetiology, clinical form, or zoonotic risk. This study acts as a first indication of the extent of these diseases among small ruminants in these Indian states, highlighting how farming practices are associated with increased risk of infection. More research is urgently needed to mitigate zoonoses transmission in this region.
小型反刍动物是布鲁氏菌病和柯克斯体病的主要宿主，这两种人畜共患疾病影响着牲畜生产，并对印度的公共卫生构成威胁。了解与小型反刍动物感染相关的疾病流行情况和风险因素有助于减少疾病传播。我们报告了在印度东部阿萨姆邦和奥里萨邦开展的一项横断面调查。我们采访了244名农民，以评估与布鲁氏菌病和柯克斯体病感染相关的知识、态度和做法。使用酶联免疫吸附测定法和玫瑰红凝集平板试验对411只山羊和21只绵羊的血清样本进行了分析。发现奥里萨邦的血清阳性率更高（分别为22%和11.5%），高于阿萨姆邦（分别为9.8%和1.6%），奥里萨邦的某些地区风险更高。在血清阳性动物与临床症状之间未发现关联，这在试图识别畜群中的血清阳性动物时是一项挑战。接受采访的农民均未意识到布鲁氏菌病、其病因、临床症状或人畜共患风险。这项研究首次表明了这些疾病在这些印度邦小型反刍动物中的流行程度，突出了养殖方式与感染风险增加之间的关联。迫切需要开展更多研究以减少该地区人畜共患病的传播。
