Kanouté Youssouf B, Gragnon Biégo G, Schindler Christian, Bonfoh Bassirou, Schelling Esther
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Laboratoire National d'Appui au Développement Agricole, Lanada, Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire, Côte d'Ivoire.
Acta Trop. 2017 Nov;175:121-129. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.08.013. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
Northern Côte d'Ivoire is the main livestock breeding zone and has the highest livestock cross-border movements in Côte d'Ivoire. The aim of this study was to provide updated epidemiological data on three neglected zoonotic diseases, namely brucellosis, Q Fever and Rift Valley Fever (RVF). We conducted three-stage cross-sectional cluster surveys in livestock and humans between 2012 and 2014 in a random selection of 63 villages and a sample of 633 cattle, 622 small ruminants and 88 people. We administered questionnaires to capture risk factors and performed serological tests including the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Brucella spp. indirect and competitive ELISAs, Coxiella burnetii indirect ELISA and RVF competitive ELISA. The human seroprevalence for Brucella spp. was 5.3%. RBPT-positive small ruminants tested negative by the indirect ELISA. The seroprevalence of Brucella spp. in cattle adjusted for clustering was 4.6%. Cattle aged 5-8 years had higher odds of seropositivity (OR=3.5) than those aged ≤4years. The seropositivity in cattle was associated with having joint hygromas (OR=9), sharing the pastures with small ruminants (OR=5.8) and contact with pastoralist herds (OR=11.3). The seroprevalence of Q Fever was 13.9% in cattle, 9.4% in sheep and 12.4% in goats. The seroprevalence of RVF was 3.9% in cattle, 2.4% in sheep and 0% in goats. Seropositive ewes had greater odds (OR=4.7) of abortion than seronegative ones. In cattle, a shorter distance between the night pens and nearest permanent water bodies was a protective factor (OR=0.1). The study showed that the exposure to the three zoonoses is rather low in northern Côte d'Ivoire. Within a One Health approach, cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness of control measures should be assessed for an integrated control.
科特迪瓦北部是主要的畜牧养殖区，也是科特迪瓦牲畜跨境流动最为频繁的地区。本研究旨在提供三种被忽视的人畜共患病（即布鲁氏菌病、Q热和裂谷热）的最新流行病学数据。2012年至2014年期间，我们在随机选取的63个村庄对牲畜和人类开展了三阶段横断面整群调查，样本包括633头牛、622只小反刍动物和88人。我们通过问卷调查获取风险因素，并进行了血清学检测，包括玫瑰红平板试验（RBPT）、布鲁氏菌属间接和竞争ELISA、伯氏考克斯氏体间接ELISA以及裂谷热竞争ELISA。布鲁氏菌属的人类血清阳性率为5.3%。RBPT阳性的小反刍动物间接ELISA检测呈阴性。经整群调整后，牛群中布鲁氏菌属的血清阳性率为4.6%。5至8岁的牛血清阳性几率（OR=3.5）高于年龄≤4岁的牛。牛的血清阳性与有关节积液（OR=9）、与小反刍动物共享牧场（OR=5.8）以及与牧民畜群接触（OR=11.3）有关。牛的Q热血清阳性率为13.9%，绵羊为9.4%，山羊为12.4%。裂谷热的血清阳性率在牛中为3.9%，绵羊中为2.4%，山羊中为0%。血清阳性的母羊流产几率（OR=4.7）高于血清阴性的母羊。在牛群中，夜间畜栏与最近的永久性水体之间距离较短是一个保护因素（OR=0.1）。研究表明，科特迪瓦北部地区感染这三种人畜共患病的几率较低。在“同一健康”方法框架下，应评估控制措施的成本效益和成本效果，以进行综合防控。
