Grayzel S E, Thompson G R, Martínez-López B, Dechant J E, McHardy I, Sykes J E
Columbia Veterinary Center, Vancouver, Washington, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.
Med Mycol. 2020 Sep 17. doi: 10.1093/mmy/myaa082.
Given the predisposition of South American camelids to coccidioidomycosis, we sought to describe the disease presentation in alpacas and llamas and identify potential risk factors for these species. The records of 224 llamas and alpacas that were tested for Coccidioides infection using immunodiffusion serology at the Coccidioidomycosis Serology Laboratory of the University of California, Davis, between 1990 and 2016 were examined; of those, 46 alpacas and 42 llamas had positive test results. The remaining 99 alpacas and 37 llamas were used as control groups. We found that male llamas were at increased risk for Coccidioides infection when compared with female llamas and when compared with male alpacas. South American camelids living within California were at higher risk for infection than camelids living in other states. Alpacas were more likely than llamas to have subclinical infections. We documented five cases of abortion or neonatal mortality attributable to coccidioidomycosis in alpacas. Our study demonstrates that South American camelids are susceptible to Coccidioides infection in areas where the disease is endemic, lending support to the importance of vigilance for this disease in alpacas and llamas and suggesting a possible role for these animals as sentinel species.
We examined cases of Valley Fever and described the disease and risk factors for llamas and alpacas. Male llamas were at increased risk for infection as were animals living within California. Five alpacas had miscarriages or neonatal deaths as a result of Valley Fever infections.
鉴于南美骆驼科动物易患球孢子菌病，我们试图描述羊驼和美洲驼的疾病表现，并确定这些物种的潜在风险因素。我们检查了1990年至2016年间在加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校球孢子菌病血清学实验室使用免疫扩散血清学检测球孢子菌感染的224只美洲驼和羊驼的记录；其中，46只羊驼和42只美洲驼检测结果呈阳性。其余99只羊驼和37只美洲驼用作对照组。我们发现，与雌性美洲驼以及雄性羊驼相比，雄性美洲驼感染球孢子菌的风险更高。生活在加利福尼亚州的南美骆驼科动物比生活在其他州的骆驼科动物感染风险更高。羊驼比美洲驼更易发生亚临床感染。我们记录了5例羊驼因球孢子菌病导致的流产或新生儿死亡病例。我们的研究表明，在球孢子菌病流行地区，南美骆驼科动物易感染该菌，这支持了对羊驼和美洲驼的这种疾病保持警惕的重要性，并表明这些动物可能作为哨兵物种发挥作用。
我们检查了山谷热病例，并描述了美洲驼和羊驼的疾病及风险因素。雄性美洲驼以及生活在加利福尼亚州的动物感染风险增加。5只羊驼因山谷热感染导致流产或新生儿死亡。
