Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance Use and Addiction Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Department of Analysis and Performance Assessment, The Norwegian Directorate of Health, Trondheim, Norway.
Nord J Psychiatry. 2021 Apr;75(3):160-169. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2020.1817553. Epub 2020 Sep 18.
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and demographic variation in the prevalence of substance use among the general psychiatric population in Norway.
A national census in psychiatric institutions and outpatient clinics was conducted. Data were returned for 2358 inpatients (response rate, 65%) and 23,167 outpatients (response rate, 60%). Substance use was measured based on substance use disorder diagnosis or reported substance use in the last 4 weeks (alcohol 2-4 days a week or more frequently/illicit drug use). Regression analyses controlling for demographic and sociodemographic characteristics were carried out.
Substance use was identified in 32.4% of inpatients and 13.9% of outpatients. The most frequently reported substances used were alcohol, sedatives and cannabis. Among inpatients, the prevalence of substance use was highest in patients with schizophrenia, personality disorders and anxiety disorders. Among outpatients, the prevalence was highest in patients with schizophrenia and other psychoses. Inpatients with anxiety disorders and outpatients with schizophrenia and other psychoses had a significantly higher risk of substance use than other patients. In both samples, the prevalence of substance use was higher among males, 24 to 29-year-olds and the most socially deprived.
This study provides further knowledge about patients at risk for co-morbid substance abuse and poor treatment outcomes. Clinicians may consider targeting patients with schizophrenia and other psychoses, young males and those who are socially deprived in efforts to prevent emerging substance abuse and improve outcomes.
本研究旨在调查挪威普通精神科人群中物质使用的患病率在临床和人口统计学方面的差异。
对精神病院和门诊诊所进行了全国性普查。共回收 2358 名住院患者（应答率 65%）和 23167 名门诊患者（应答率 60%）的数据。根据物质使用障碍的诊断或过去 4 周内报告的物质使用情况（每周饮酒 2-4 天或更频繁/使用非法药物）来衡量物质使用情况。进行了回归分析，控制了人口统计学和社会人口统计学特征。
住院患者中物质使用的比例为 32.4%，门诊患者中物质使用的比例为 13.9%。报告的最常见物质使用包括酒精、镇静剂和大麻。在住院患者中，物质使用的患病率在精神分裂症、人格障碍和焦虑障碍患者中最高。在门诊患者中，物质使用的患病率在精神分裂症和其他精神病患者中最高。焦虑障碍的住院患者和精神分裂症和其他精神病的门诊患者比其他患者物质使用的风险显著更高。在两个样本中，物质使用的患病率在男性、24 至 29 岁和最社会贫困的人群中更高。
本研究提供了关于合并物质滥用和治疗效果不佳风险患者的进一步知识。临床医生可能会考虑针对精神分裂症和其他精神病、年轻男性和社会贫困人群的患者，以预防新出现的物质滥用并改善治疗结果。
