Wang Kun, Fu Bin Xiao
Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G7, Canada.
Foods. 2020 Sep 16;9(9):1308. doi: 10.3390/foods9091308.
Although most of the durum wheat produced in the Canadian prairies in 2017 and 2018 met the test weight (TW) requirements for the top grades of Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD), some samples of top grades were inferior in milling quality. To understand the abnormality, this study was conducted to investigate TW, thousand kernel weight (TKW) and kernel size distribution (KSD) in relation to durum milling potential, semolina composition and pasta quality. With reduction of kernel size, semolina and total milling yields decreased progressively, and kernels passing through no.6 slotted sieve had detrimental impact on milling. The overall relationship between TW and milling yields appeared to be genotype dependent. At similar TW, variety showed lower milling yields had greater proportion of smaller kernels. By account for the difference in KSD, greater relationships ( > 0.91, < 0.001) were found for TKW and proportion of kernels passing No.6 slotted sieve with milling yields than TW ( = 0.75, < 0.001). This infers potential use of small kernels (passing No.6 slotted sieve) as a new objective grading factor for rapid prediction of milling quality of CWAD. Although small kernels exhibited much higher yellow pigment than the larger ones, pasta made from small kernels was duller, redder and less yellow, likely due to the higher semolina ash and protein contents, which adversely affected pasta color.
尽管2017年和2018年在加拿大大草原生产的硬粒小麦大多符合加拿大西部琥珀硬粒小麦（CWAD）顶级等级的容重（TW）要求，但一些顶级等级的样品在制粉品质方面较差。为了解这种异常情况，本研究旨在调查容重、千粒重（TKW）和籽粒大小分布（KSD）与硬粒小麦制粉潜力、粗粉组成和意大利面品质之间的关系。随着籽粒尺寸减小，粗粉和总制粉产量逐渐降低，通过6号筛孔筛的籽粒对制粉有不利影响。容重与制粉产量之间的总体关系似乎取决于基因型。在相似容重下，制粉产量较低的品种有更大比例的小籽粒。考虑到籽粒大小分布的差异，发现千粒重和通过6号筛孔筛的籽粒比例与制粉产量之间的相关性更强（>0.91，<0.001），高于容重与制粉产量的相关性（=0.75，<0.001）。这推断小籽粒（通过6号筛孔筛）有可能作为一个新的客观分级因素，用于快速预测CWAD的制粉品质。尽管小籽粒的黄色素含量比大籽粒高得多，但由小籽粒制成的意大利面色泽更暗淡、更红且黄色更淡，这可能是由于粗粉灰分和蛋白质含量较高，对意大利面色泽产生了不利影响。
