Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, Mexico.
Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico.
Virus Res. 2020 Dec;290:198164. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198164. Epub 2020 Sep 17.
Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) can produce a fatal multisystem disease in carnivores and other mammals and is an important threat for wildlife conservation. However, integrative and comparative studies in wild carnivores are scarce and some areas of the world lack of genetic studies. We explore the dynamic of host-CDV in a procyonid community during an outbreak. This study reports for the first time an index case occurred in a common raccoon (Procyon lotor) and for which a complete CDV diagnosis was performed. The long-term epidemiological analysis in two sympatric populations of common raccoons and white-nosed coatis (Nasua narica) was achieved through seroneutralization, RT-PCR and direct immunofluorescence assays. Additionally, hematologic analyses were performed and phylogenetic reconstruction of CDV was done using molecular data from this study. Overall prevalence for white-nosed coatis was 19.6 % and for common raccoons was 25.3 % by seroneutralization, and 13.3 % and 17.3 % by RT-PCR. Antibodies titer average for white-nosed coatis was 1:512 and 1:156 for common raccoons. Significant difference in prevalence between white-nosed coatis and common raccoons was detected during one season (summer 2013). White-nosed coatis showed differences in erythrocytes and monocytes counts between positives and negative animals. A 100 % similarity was found between CDV of white-nosed coati and CDV of common raccoon and is a new CDV sequence not previously described; this sequence is close to Asian and European lineage. An endemic state of distemper in both species was observed but showed different dynamics over time per host species. Differences in cellular and humoral responses were also detected between procyonids. The evidence found here may have serious implications for CDV understanding in wild carnivores, it reveals clear differences in the response over time to the same CDV strain, in two close related carnivore species.
犬瘟热病毒（CDV）可导致食肉动物和其他哺乳动物发生致命的多系统疾病，是野生动物保护的重要威胁。然而，野生食肉动物的综合和比较研究很少，世界上一些地区缺乏遗传研究。我们在一次疫情中探索了浣熊科动物群落中宿主-CDV 的动态。本研究首次报道了在普通浣熊（Procyon lotor）中发生的首例病例，并对其进行了完整的 CDV 诊断。通过血清中和试验、RT-PCR 和直接免疫荧光检测，对两个普通浣熊和白鼻浣熊（Nasua narica）共生种群进行了长期的流行病学分析。此外，还进行了血液学分析，并利用本研究的分子数据进行了 CDV 的系统发育重建。通过血清中和试验，白鼻浣熊和普通浣熊的总体流行率分别为 19.6%和 25.3%，RT-PCR 检测的流行率分别为 13.3%和 17.3%。白鼻浣熊的抗体滴度平均为 1:512，普通浣熊的抗体滴度平均为 1:156。在一个季节（2013 年夏季），白鼻浣熊和普通浣熊的流行率存在显著差异。白鼻浣熊阳性和阴性动物之间的红细胞和单核细胞计数存在差异。白鼻浣熊和普通浣熊的 CDV 完全相同，这是一种以前未描述的新 CDV 序列，与亚洲和欧洲谱系密切相关。观察到两种物种都处于地方性流行状态，但随着时间的推移，每种宿主的流行情况有所不同。在两种亲缘关系密切的食肉动物之间，还检测到细胞和体液反应的差异。这里发现的证据可能对理解野生食肉动物中的 CDV 具有重要意义，它揭示了两种亲缘关系密切的食肉动物对同一 CDV 株的反应随时间的明显差异。
