Anderson Forrest L, Knudsen Michael L, Ahmad Christopher S, Popkin Charles A
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street PH-11, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue South, Suite R200, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
Orthop Clin North Am. 2020 Oct;51(4):517-525. doi: 10.1016/j.ocl.2020.06.006. Epub 2020 Aug 13.
Early sports specialization (ESS) is a relatively new trend that has led to many youth athletes to focus on only 1 sport at an increasingly young age. Although parents and coaches perceive that this will improve their athlete's chances of success at the collegiate and professional levels, studies have shown the opposite. ESS leads to increased injury risk, higher rates of burnout, and lower lifelong sports participation without increasing elite achievement. Throwing athletes are particularly vulnerable to these overuse injuries of the shoulder and elbow, which have been shown to correlate directly to the number of throws and innings played.
早期运动专项化（ESS）是一种相对较新的趋势，导致许多年轻运动员在越来越小的年龄就只专注于一项运动。尽管家长和教练认为这会提高他们的运动员在大学和职业水平比赛中取得成功的机会，但研究表明事实恰恰相反。早期运动专项化会增加受伤风险、导致更高的倦怠率，以及降低终身运动参与度，同时不会提高精英成就。投掷运动员尤其容易受到肩部和肘部这些过度使用损伤的影响，研究表明这些损伤与投掷次数和比赛局数直接相关。
