阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚国家公园的南美鹿（Hippocamelus bisulcus）和普度鹿（Pudu puda）中的 Sarcocystis spp. 感染。
Sarcocystis spp. infection in South American deer huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) and pudu (Pudu puda) from Patagonian National Parks, Argentina.
机构信息
Natural Resources Department, Institute of Forest and Agriculture Research Bariloche (IFAB, CONICET-INTA), Agricultural Experimental Station of the National Institute of Agriculture and Technology (EEA-INTA Bariloche), Modesta Victoria 4455, (8400), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
Argentinean National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA (C1425FQB), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
出版信息
Parasitol Res. 2020 Nov;119(11):3915-3922. doi: 10.1007/s00436-020-06889-9. Epub 2020 Sep 20.
Sarcocystis spp. are intracellular protozoan parasites with heteroxenous life cycles. This study described Sarcocystis spp. infection in adult South American native deer huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) and pudu (Pudu puda). Heart, diaphragm, tongue, and skeletal muscle samples were collected from 5 huemuls and 2 pudus, found dead in National Parks. Direct microscopic examination, transmission electron microscopy, PCR, and sequencing were performed. Sarcocystis spp. microscopic thin-walled cysts were identified in 3 huemuls and 1 pudu. Several cysts from 1 huemul and 1 pudu were observed by TEM; ultrastructure was similar to previously reported as cyst wall type 17 and types 2 and 8, respectively. Fragments of the 18S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) genes were amplified and sequenced from 3 individual cysts from 2 huemuls and 2 cysts from the pudu. The sequences from huemuls showed a high identity among them (> 99%) at both amplified targets. The highest identities were > 99.7% at 18S rRNA and 93% at cox1 with S. tarandivulpes sequences. The 18S rRNA gene sequences from pudus showed an identity > 99.7% with Sarcocystis sp., S. taeniata, and S. linearis sequences, while the cox1 sequences were different, one showing 99.42% identity with S. venatoria and the other 98.22% with S. linearis. A single species, similar to S. tarandivulpes, was identified in all huemul samples while 2 molecularly different Sarcocystis spp. were found in 1 pudu with high similarities to either S. venatoria or to S. linearis, S. taeniata-like, and S. morae. Based on the cox1 sequence identities, at least the Sarcocystis sp. in huemuls might represent a new species, primarily occurring in this host. Additional sarcocyst isolates from both hosts need to be examined molecularly in order to firmly establish whether these species are indeed native to huemuls and/or pudus or are derived from introduced deer species.
肌肉孢子虫属是具有异养生活史的细胞内原生动物寄生虫。本研究描述了成年南美本地鹿驼鹿（Hippocamelus bisulcus）和普度鹿（Pudu puda）中的肌肉孢子虫属感染。从在国家公园中发现死亡的 5 只驼鹿和 2 只普度鹿中采集了心脏、横膈膜、舌头和骨骼肌样本。进行了直接显微镜检查、透射电子显微镜检查、PCR 和测序。在 3 只驼鹿和 1 只普度鹿中鉴定出肌肉孢子虫属的薄壁小囊。通过 TEM 观察了来自 1 只驼鹿和 1 只普度鹿的几个小囊；超微结构与先前报道的囊壁类型 17 和 2 型和 8 型相似。从 2 只驼鹿的 3 个个体小囊和 1 只普度鹿的 2 个小囊中扩增并测序了 18S rRNA 和细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 I（cox1）基因片段。来自驼鹿的序列在两个扩增靶标上彼此之间具有高度同一性（>99%）。在 18S rRNA 上的最高同一性>99.7%，在 cox1 上的最高同一性为 93%，与 S. tarandivulpes 序列相似。来自普度鹿的 18S rRNA 基因序列与肌肉孢子虫属、S. taeniata 和 S. linearis 序列的同一性>99.7%，而 cox1 序列不同，一个与 S. venatoria 的同一性为 99.42%，另一个与 S. linearis 的同一性为 98.22%。在所有驼鹿样本中都鉴定出了与 S. tarandivulpes 相似的单一物种，而在 1 只普度鹿中发现了 2 种分子上不同的肌肉孢子虫属，与 S. venatoria 或 S. linearis、S. taeniata 样和 S. morae 具有高度相似性。根据 cox1 序列的同一性，至少驼鹿中的肌肉孢子虫属可能代表一种新物种，主要发生在这种宿主中。需要对来自这两种宿主的其他肌肉孢子虫分离物进行分子检查，以确定这些物种是否确实是本地的驼鹿和/或普度鹿的来源，还是源自引入的鹿种。
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