Nursing and Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
Southmead Hospital, Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.
Nurs Philos. 2021 Jan;22(1):e12329. doi: 10.1111/nup.12329. Epub 2020 Sep 20.
As a philosophical position, pragmatism can be critiqued to distinguish truth only with methods that bring about desired results, predominantly with scientific enquiry. The article hopes to dismiss this oversimplification and propose that within mental health nursing, enquiry enlightened by pragmatism can be anchored to methods helping to tackle genuine human problems. Whilst pragmatists suggest one reality exists, fluctuating experiences and shifting beliefs about the world can inhabit within; hence, pragmatists propose reality has the potential to change. Moreover, pragmatism includes being cognisant of what works to whom reality concerns, making reality context-driven, with a view to understand how actions shape experiences so what is generated has usefulness. Hence, it somewhat follows pragmatism can inform mental health nursing, after all, nursing is a discipline of action, and awareness is needed in how actions produce experiences that patients find helpful. Given the principles of recovery are preferably adopted in mental health care, the paper will explore how pragmatism can help nurses move towards that goal; specifically, with patients voicing their experiences. This is because like pragmatism, recovery subscribes to hope that reality can progress, and through meaningful experiences and beliefs, patients have expertise about personal difficulties alongside how life may flourish, despite mental illness.
作为一种哲学立场,实用主义可以被批判为只通过带来预期结果的方法来区分真理,主要是通过科学探究。本文希望摒弃这种过于简单化的观点,并提出在心理健康护理中,受实用主义启发的探究可以以帮助解决真正的人类问题的方法为基础。虽然实用主义者认为只有一种现实存在,但波动的经验和对世界的不断变化的信念也可能存在于其中;因此,实用主义者认为现实有可能发生变化。此外,实用主义还包括意识到什么对谁有效,关注现实的背景,以了解行动如何塑造经验,从而使产生的结果具有实际用途。因此,实用主义可以为心理健康护理提供信息,毕竟护理是一种行动学科,需要了解行动如何产生患者认为有用的经验。鉴于康复原则最好在精神卫生保健中采用,本文将探讨实用主义如何帮助护士朝着这一目标前进;特别是让患者表达他们的经验。这是因为,就像实用主义一样,康复也寄希望于现实可以进步,通过有意义的经验和信念,患者对于个人困难以及尽管患有精神疾病生活如何繁荣,都具有专业知识。