Park Sung S, Waldinger Roger D
University of California, Los Angeles, 264 Haines Hall, 375 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90095-1551.
J Ethn Migr Stud. 2017;43(1):18-40. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2016.1211003. Epub 2016 Jul 31.
The transnational perspective emphasizes the persistence of immigrants' home country connections, yet existing research adds little to our understanding of the mechanisms by which cross-border ties are maintained. We use nationally representative data of immigrants in Spain to describe changes in their kin network and study how two characteristics, whether kin already resided in Spain at the time of emigration and whether any kin remained in the birth country at the time of interview) and of kin (children, spouse, parents, siblings), influence the frequency of cross-border communication. We find an expansion in the total number of kin largely due to childbearing and marriage. The average fraction of migrants' immediate kin in Spain shifts from 6 to 41%. The presence of at least one kin in the birth country increases the frequency of cross-border communication, but with the exception of siblings, the presence of family already in Spain at the time of emigration does not. Siblings and parents were far more likely to retain a birth country presence, but they were less likely than spouses or children to be contacted daily. While these ties are generally long-lasting, communication wanes as immigrant embeddedness in the receiving country grows.
跨国视角强调移民与祖国联系的持续性，但现有研究对我们理解维持跨境联系的机制贡献甚微。我们使用西班牙具有全国代表性的移民数据来描述他们亲属网络的变化，并研究两个特征，即移民时亲属是否已居住在西班牙以及访谈时是否有亲属仍留在出生国，以及亲属的类型（子女、配偶、父母、兄弟姐妹）如何影响跨境交流的频率。我们发现亲属总数的增加主要归因于生育和婚姻。移民在西班牙的直系亲属平均比例从6% 升至41%。出生国有至少一位亲属会增加跨境交流的频率，但除了兄弟姐妹外，移民时已在西班牙的亲属则不会。兄弟姐妹和父母更有可能在出生国仍有亲属，但他们比配偶或子女每天被联系的可能性更小。虽然这些联系通常持久，但随着移民在接收国扎根，交流逐渐减少。
