Emadzadeh Maryam, Vakili Veda
Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2020 Jul 28;9:177. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_719_19. eCollection 2020.
Recently, the Iranian Ministry of Health estimated about 750,000 deaths are attributed smoking complications. The aim of this study was to apply the transtheoretical model (TTM) on general population of Mashhad city to evaluate the stages of change and possible cultural factors regarding smoking cessation.
This descriptive, cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in Mashhad, Iran. A total number of 562 participants selected by multistage sampling. They were asked about stages of change for smoking cessation for both hookah and cigarette smoking. Stages of change refer to an orderly sequence of changes in smoking behavior that people progress through according to the TTM. Its six stages are as follows: precontemplation (PC) (no intention to quit smoking within 6 months), contemplation (planning to quit smoking in the following 6 months), preparation (planning to stop smoking within 1 month), action (quit smoking for <6 months), maintenance (stopped smoking for 6 months or more), and termination (will never smoke again). Data were analyzed using tests such as Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and logistic regression by SPSS 11.5.
About 18% and 19% of people in this study were regular hookah and cigarette smokers, respectively. There was significant difference between cigarette smoking and sex ( < 0.001) and marital status ( = 0.01). There was a statistically significant difference between stages of change in men and women from the point of cigarette smoking ( < 0.001). Male sex, hookah smoking, and alcohol abuse were predictors of PC, and age was the only predictor of termination stage for cigarette smoking. Sex did not have any role in hookah smoking.
Targeted education based on gender and marital status warrant attention. Community-wide education and interventions such as increasing the price of cigarettes are desired.
最近，伊朗卫生部估计约75万例死亡归因于吸烟并发症。本研究的目的是将跨理论模型（TTM）应用于马什哈德市的普通人群，以评估戒烟的变化阶段及可能的文化因素。
本项基于人群的描述性横断面研究在伊朗马什哈德进行。通过多阶段抽样共选取了562名参与者。询问他们关于水烟和香烟戒烟的变化阶段。变化阶段指的是人们根据TTM在吸烟行为中依次经历的一系列变化。其六个阶段如下：前意向阶段（PC）（6个月内无意戒烟）、意向阶段（计划在接下来的6个月内戒烟）、准备阶段（计划在1个月内戒烟）、行动阶段（戒烟时间<6个月）、维持阶段（戒烟6个月或更长时间）和终止阶段（再也不吸烟）。使用SPSS 11.5软件通过卡方检验、Kruskal-Wallis检验和逻辑回归等方法对数据进行分析。
本研究中分别约有18%和19%的人经常吸水烟和吸烟。吸烟与性别（<0.001）和婚姻状况（=0.01）之间存在显著差异。从吸烟角度来看，男性和女性在变化阶段上存在统计学显著差异（<0.001）。男性、吸水烟和酗酒是前意向阶段的预测因素，年龄是吸烟终止阶段的唯一预测因素。性别在吸水烟方面没有任何作用。
基于性别和婚姻状况的针对性教育值得关注。需要开展社区范围的教育和干预措施，如提高香烟价格。
