Sayed Samiha Hamdi, Gushgari Olfat Abdulgafoor, Elgzar Wafaa Taha Ibrahim
Public Health Department, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Maternity and Childhood Nursing, Nursing College, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Nov 23;12(23):2343. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12232343.
Smoking is a detrimental health behavior that can be addressed by designing stage-matched interventions with evidence-based behavioral change models such as the transtheoretical model (TTM). This study applied the TTM to predict smoking cessation stages among adults in Saudi Arabia.
This social media-based cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia used a convenient sample of 491 adult smokers (men and women). A digital questionnaire containing basic and smoking-related data and smoking scales (stages of change, cessation readiness, decisional balance, and self-efficacy) was used for data collection. The data were collected from 1 July to 30 October 2023 and were investigated using an ordinal regression analysis. The results illustrate that among the studied smokers, cigarette smoking was the prevalent method of smoking, especially among men (71.7%) compared to women (27.8%). Regarding stages of smoking, the pre-contemplation (35.8%) and contemplation (30.1%) stages were the highest, where men were more represented in both stages (37.9% and 40.8%, respectively). In comparison, women represented a higher percentage in the action (23.9%) and maintenance (21.1%) stages. The ordinal regression showed that increasing age (adjusted odds ratio; AOR = 1.045, = 0.044), high quitting readiness (AOR = 1.134, < 0.001), self-efficacy (AOR = 1.965, = 0.028), decisional balance (AOR = 1.870, < 0.001), and absence of psychological problems (AOR = 2.047, < 0.001) increased the likelihood of being at higher smoking cessation stages. However, increased smoking duration (AOR = 0.756, = 0.010), male gender (AOR = 0.340, < 0.001), not working (AOR = 0.364, = 0.013), adequate income (AOR = 0.535, = 0.032), no chronic diseases (AOR = 0.430, < 0.001), regular smoking (AOR = 0.052, < 0.001), high smoking dependency (AOR = 0.775, = 0.038), and hookah smoking (AOR = 0.032, < 0.001) decreased the likelihood of being at higher smoking cessation stages.
Cigarette smoking is a prevalent problem among Saudi adults, especially men, with the highest percentage of these being at lower smoking cessation stages. Thus, this study recommends the development of stage-matched interventions to facilitate the move towards higher smoking cessation stages through efforts by, and collaboration between, community sectors to face this rising issue.
吸烟是一种有害健康的行为，可以通过运用基于证据的行为改变模型（如跨理论模型，TTM）设计分阶段匹配的干预措施来解决。本研究应用跨理论模型来预测沙特阿拉伯成年人的戒烟阶段。
这项在沙特阿拉伯基于社交媒体的横断面研究采用了491名成年吸烟者（男性和女性）的便利样本。使用一份包含基本信息、吸烟相关数据以及吸烟量表（改变阶段、戒烟意愿、决策平衡和自我效能感）的数字问卷进行数据收集。数据于2023年7月1日至10月30日收集，并采用有序回归分析进行研究。结果表明，在所研究的吸烟者中，吸烟方式以吸食香烟为主，尤其是男性（71.7%），女性（27.8%）。关于吸烟阶段，前意向阶段（35.8%）和意向阶段（30.1%）占比最高，男性在这两个阶段的占比更高（分别为37.9%和40.8%）。相比之下，女性在行动阶段（23.9%）和维持阶段（21.1%）的占比更高。有序回归显示，年龄增长（调整后的优势比；AOR = 1.045，P = 0.044）、高戒烟意愿（AOR = 1.134，P < 0.001）以及自我效能感（AOR = 1.965，P = 0.028）、决策平衡（AOR = 1.870，P < 0.001）和无心理问题（AOR = 2.047，P < 0.001）会增加处于较高戒烟阶段的可能性。然而，吸烟时长增加（AOR = 0.756，P = 0.010）、男性（AOR = 0.340，P < 0.001）、无工作（AOR = 0.364，P = 0.013）、收入充足（AOR = 0.535，P = 0.032）、无慢性病（AOR = 0.430，P < 0.001）、经常吸烟（AOR = 0.052，P < 0.001）、吸烟依赖性高（AOR = 对0.775，P = 0.038）和吸食水烟（AOR = 0.032，P < < 0.001）会降低处于较高戒烟阶段的可能性。
吸烟在沙特成年人中是一个普遍问题，尤其是男性，其中处于较低戒烟阶段的比例最高。因此，本研究建议制定分阶段匹配的干预措施，通过社区各部门的努力与合作，以应对这一日益严重的问题，促进吸烟者向更高的戒烟阶段迈进。
