Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;78(1):151-168. doi: 10.3233/JAD-200499.
Diet is an important lifestyle factor that may prevent or slow the onset and progression of neurodegeneration. Some, but not all, recent studies have suggested that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern may be associated with reduced risk of dementia.
In this meta-analysis, we systematically examined the associations between overall dietary patterns, assessed a priori and a posteriori, and risk of dementia.
We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health databases from January 1, 1981 to September 11, 2019. Prospective studies published in English were included. Random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Sixteen research articles were identified in the systematic review and 12 research articles including 66,930 participants were further included for the meta-analysis. Adherence to high diet quality or a healthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with lower risk of overall dementia (pooled risk ratio = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.95; n = 12) and Alzheimer's disease (pooled risk ratio = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.79; n = 6) relative to those with low diet quality or an unhealthy dietary pattern. Subgroup analyses stratified by age, sex, follow-up duration, diet quality assessment approach, study location, and study quality generated similar results.
Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern was associated with lower risk of overall dementia. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to provide additional evidence about the role of a healthy diet on the development and progression of dementia.
饮食是一种重要的生活方式因素，可能预防或减缓神经退行性疾病的发生和发展。一些但不是全部的近期研究表明，坚持健康的饮食模式与降低痴呆风险有关。
在这项荟萃分析中，我们系统地检查了总体饮食模式与痴呆风险之间的关联，这些模式是预先和事后评估的。
我们系统地检索了 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health 数据库，检索时间从 1981 年 1 月 1 日至 2019 年 9 月 11 日。纳入了以英文发表的前瞻性研究。使用随机效应模型计算汇总风险比和 95%置信区间（CI）。
系统评价中确定了 16 篇研究文章，进一步纳入了 12 篇研究文章，其中包括 66930 名参与者进行荟萃分析。与低饮食质量或不健康饮食模式相比，高饮食质量或健康饮食模式的依从性与总体痴呆（汇总风险比=0.82；95%CI：0.70，0.95；n=12）和阿尔茨海默病（汇总风险比=0.61；95%CI：0.47，0.79；n=6）的风险降低显著相关。按年龄、性别、随访时间、饮食质量评估方法、研究地点和研究质量进行亚组分析，结果相似。
坚持健康的饮食模式与降低总体痴呆风险有关。需要进一步的随机对照试验来提供关于健康饮食在痴呆发展和进展中的作用的额外证据。
