Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS, Utrecht, Netherlands; Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, Netherlands; GGZ Oost Brabant, P.O. Box 3, 5427 ZG, Boekel, Netherlands.
GGZ Oost Brabant, P.O. Box 3, 5427 ZG, Boekel, Netherlands; Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, Netherlands.
J Affect Disord. 2021 Jan 1;278:68-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.029. Epub 2020 Sep 12.
According to the network perspective, psychopathology is the result of interactions between symptoms. A previous study used network analysis to identify central symptoms of adolescent depression. The aim of the current study was replicate and extend this study by including suicide ideation as a symptom of depression and evaluating which depression symptoms are contributing factors to suicide ideation in adolescents.
A large community sample (N = 5,888) of adolescents aged 11-16 years completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI-2). Network analysis was used to identify the network structure of the CDI-2 and which symptoms were directly related to suicide ideation in the network. Additionally, the network structure of adolescents who did and did not experience suicide ideation were compared.
Results pertaining the depression network were highly similar to the study we aimed to replicate. The most central symptoms in the depression network were loneliness, sadness, self-hatred, fatigue, self-deprecation and crying. Loneliness explained most variance of suicide ideation. Adolescents who experience suicide ideation had a similar network structure as those who do not. Adolescents with suicide ideation scored higher on all depression symptoms.
The use of cross-sectional data indicates that only undirected networks and results based on between-subject data could be estimated.
Loneliness was a central factor for depression networks and also the most contributing factor of suicide ideation. Preventative efforts should consider taking experiences of loneliness into account as these are especially prevalent in adolescents. Suicide ideation seems more representative of depression symptom severity in adolescents.
根据网络视角，精神病理学是症状之间相互作用的结果。先前的研究使用网络分析来确定青少年抑郁症的核心症状。本研究旨在复制并扩展该研究，将自杀意念纳入抑郁症的症状，并评估哪些抑郁症症状是青少年自杀意念的促成因素。
一个由 5888 名 11-16 岁青少年组成的大型社区样本完成了儿童抑郁量表（CDI-2）。网络分析用于确定 CDI-2 的网络结构，以及网络中哪些症状与自杀意念直接相关。此外，比较了经历和未经历自杀意念的青少年的网络结构。
与我们旨在复制的研究相比，有关抑郁症网络的结果非常相似。抑郁症网络中最核心的症状是孤独、悲伤、自我仇恨、疲劳、自我贬低和哭泣。孤独感解释了自杀意念的大部分变异。经历自杀意念的青少年与不经历自杀意念的青少年具有相似的网络结构。有自杀意念的青少年在所有抑郁症状上的得分都更高。
使用横断面数据表明，只能估计无向网络和基于个体间数据的结果。
孤独感是抑郁网络的核心因素，也是自杀意念的最主要促成因素。预防措施应考虑到孤独感，因为孤独感在青少年中尤为普遍。自杀意念似乎更能代表青少年抑郁症状的严重程度。
