State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Innovation Academy for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Innovation Academy for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2020 Dec;67:86-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.08.010. Epub 2020 Sep 18.
The maintenance of gestational well-being requires the proper development of both the embryo and the placenta. Placental trophoblast cells are the major building blocks of the developing placenta. Abnormal trophoblast differentiation underpins placental-based pregnancy complications. However, the mechanisms that govern trophoblast differentiation remain largely unclear. Recent studies shed light on several proteins and regulators that are involved in governing trophoblast differentiation. The advancement of new tools and novel technologies, such as the human trophoblast stem cell culture system, 3D placental organoids and single-cell multi-omics, has brought incredible insights to the field. Here we review the current literature, paying particular attention to articles published between 2017 and 2019 that have promoted our understanding of human trophoblast cell differentiation and its roles in pregnancy and its complications. At the same time, we address challenges and questions arising in the field of human placental development and disease.
维持妊娠健康需要胚胎和胎盘的正常发育。胎盘滋养层细胞是胎盘发育的主要组成部分。滋养层细胞分化异常是胎盘相关妊娠并发症的基础。然而，调控滋养层细胞分化的机制在很大程度上仍不清楚。最近的研究揭示了几个参与调控滋养层细胞分化的蛋白和调控因子。新工具和新技术的发展，如人滋养层干细胞培养系统、3D 胎盘类器官和单细胞多组学，为该领域带来了令人难以置信的新见解。在这里，我们回顾了当前的文献，特别关注了 2017 年至 2019 年间发表的文章，这些文章增进了我们对人滋养层细胞分化及其在妊娠和妊娠并发症中的作用的理解。同时，我们还探讨了人胎盘发育和疾病领域中出现的挑战和问题。
