Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
Department of Management, Sapienza University, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
Molecules. 2020 Sep 17;25(18):4263. doi: 10.3390/molecules25184263.
Bee health and beehive products' quality are compromised by complex interactions between multiple stressors, among which toxic elements play an important role. The aim of this study is to optimize and validate sensible and reliable analytical methods for biomonitoring studies and the quality control of beehive products. Four digestion procedures, including two systems (microwave oven and water bath) and different mixture reagents, were evaluated for the determination of the total content of 40 elements in bees and five beehive products (beeswax, honey, pollen, propolis and royal jelly) by using inductively coupled plasma mass and optical emission spectrometry. Method validation was performed by measuring a standard reference material and the recoveries for each selected matrix. The water bath-assisted digestion of bees and beehive products is proposed as a fast alternative to microwave-assisted digestion for all elements in biomonitoring studies. The present study highlights the possible drawbacks that may be encountered during the elemental analysis of these biological matrices and aims to be a valuable aid for the analytical chemist. Total elemental concentrations, determined in commercially available beehive products, are presented.
蜜蜂健康和蜂产品质量受到多种胁迫因素的复杂相互作用的影响，其中有毒元素起着重要作用。本研究旨在优化和验证用于生物监测研究和蜂产品质量控制的敏感可靠的分析方法。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和发射光谱法，对包括两种系统（微波炉和水浴）和不同混合试剂在内的四种消解程序进行了评估，以测定蜜蜂和五种蜂产品（蜂蜡、蜂蜜、花粉、蜂胶和蜂王浆）中 40 种元素的总含量。通过测量标准参考物质和每个选定基质的回收率来进行方法验证。本研究提出了一种快速替代微波辅助消解的方法，即水浴辅助消解，适用于生物监测研究中所有元素。本研究强调了在这些生物基质的元素分析过程中可能遇到的问题，并旨在为分析化学家提供有价值的帮助。本文还介绍了市售蜂产品中总元素浓度的测定结果。
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