Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
Food Chem. 2021 Apr 16;342:128384. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128384. Epub 2020 Oct 15.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are secondary metabolites of plants, which are mostly found in the genus Senecio, Echium, Crotalaria, and Eupatorium. The presence of 1,2-unsaturated PA in foods is a concern to food regulators around the world because these compounds have been associated to acute and chronic toxicity, mainly in the liver. The intake foods with PA/PANO usually occur through accidental ingestion of plants and their derivatives, besides to products of vegetal-animal origin, such as honey. PA/PANO are transferred to honey by their presence in nectar, honeydew, and pollen, which are collected from the flora by bees. In addition to honey, other beekeeping products, such as pollen, royal jelly, propolis, and beeswax, are also vulnerable to PA contamination. In this context, this review provides information about chemical characteristics, regulation, and toxicity, as well as summarizes and critically discusses scientific publications that evaluated PA in honeys, pollens, royal jelly, and propolis.
吡咯里西啶生物碱（PA）是植物的次生代谢物，主要存在于千里光属、蓝蓟属、猪屎豆属和泽兰属。食品中存在 1,2-不饱和 PA 引起了全世界食品监管机构的关注，因为这些化合物与急性和慢性毒性有关，主要发生在肝脏。摄入含有 PA/PANO 的食物通常是通过意外摄入植物及其衍生物，以及植物-动物来源的产品，如蜂蜜。PA/PANO 通过存在于花蜜、蜜露和花粉中转移到蜂蜜中，而这些物质是蜜蜂从植物中采集的。除了蜂蜜，其他养蜂产品，如花粉、蜂王浆、蜂胶和蜂蜡，也容易受到 PA 的污染。在这种情况下，本文综述了关于化学特性、法规和毒性的信息，并总结和批判性地讨论了评估蜂蜜、花粉、蜂王浆和蜂胶中 PA 的科学出版物。
