Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Department of Hygiene, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.
J Appl Toxicol. 2021 Apr;41(4):587-594. doi: 10.1002/jat.4067. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of environmental cadmium exposure according to urinary cadmium concentration (U-Cd) on noncancer mortality in a general Japanese population. We conducted a longitudinal study for 19 years in 2804 inhabitants (1107 men and 1697 women) in some cadmium nonpolluted regions in Japan. The participants were classified into quartiles based on U-Cd (μg/g cre) adjusted for urinary creatinine. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for continuous U-Cd or the quartiles of U-Cd were calculated for noncancer mortality. By applying a Fine and Gray competing risk model, continuous U-Cd (+1 μg/g cre) showed significant HR for cardiocerebrovascular diseases (HR 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00-1.11), cerebrovascular diseases (HR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.16), and cerebral infarction (HR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04-1.20) in men. However, notable significant HR for continuous and quartered U-Cd were not observed in women. In this study, U-Cd was associated with increased cardiocerebrovascular mortality in a general Japanese population, suggesting that environmental cadmium exposure is detrimental to the life prognosis in cadmium nonpolluted regions in Japan.
本研究旨在评估环境镉暴露对非癌症死亡率的影响，根据尿镉浓度（U-Cd）进行评估。我们在日本一些镉未污染地区对 2804 名居民（男性 1107 名，女性 1697 名）进行了长达 19 年的纵向研究。参与者根据 U-Cd（μg/g cre）进行了四分位分组，该值经过尿肌酐调整。非癌症死亡率的连续 U-Cd 或 U-Cd 四分位数的危害比（HR）和 95%置信区间（95%CI）进行了计算。通过应用 Fine 和 Gray 竞争风险模型，连续 U-Cd（+1μg/g cre）在男性中显示出与心血管疾病（HR 1.05，95%CI：1.00-1.11）、脑血管疾病（HR 1.08，95%CI：1.01-1.16）和脑梗死（HR 1.11，95%CI：1.04-1.20）显著相关。然而，在女性中，连续和四分位 U-Cd 未观察到显著的 HR。在这项研究中，U-Cd 与日本一般人群的心血管疾病死亡率增加相关，表明环境镉暴露对日本镉未污染地区的生命预后有害。
