Suwazono Yasushi, Nogawa Kazuhiro, Morikawa Yuko, Nishijo Muneko, Kobayashi Etsuko, Kido Teruhiko, Nakagawa Hideaki, Nogawa Koji
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
J Appl Toxicol. 2015 Jul;35(7):817-23. doi: 10.1002/jat.3077. Epub 2014 Dec 22.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure indicated by urinary Cd on all-cause mortality in the Japanese general population. A 19-year cohort study was conducted in 1067 men and 1590 women aged 50 years or older who lived in three cadmium non-polluted areas in Japan. The subjects were divided into four quartiles based on creatinine adjusted U-Cd (µg g(-1) cre). The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for continuous U-Cd or the quartiles of U-Cd were estimated for all-cause mortality using a proportional hazards regression.The all-cause mortality rates per 1000 person years were 31.2 and 15.1 in men and women, respectively. Continuous U-Cd (+1 µg g(-1) cre) was significantly related to the all-cause mortality in men (HR 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.09) and women (HR 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07). Furthermore in men, the third (1.96-3.22 µg g(-1) cre) and fourth quartile (≥3.23 µg g(-1) cre) of U-Cd showed a significant, positive HR (third: HR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03-1.77, fourth: HR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.26-2.14) for all-cause mortality compared with the first quartile (<1.14 µg g(-1) cre). In women, the fourth quartile of U-Cd (≥4.66 µg g(-1) cre) also showed a significant HR (1.49, 95% CI 1.11-2.00) for all-cause mortality compared with the first quartile (<1.46 µg g(-1) cre).In the present study, U-Cd was significantly associated with increased mortality in the Japanese general population, indicating that environmental Cd exposure adversely affects the life prognosis in Cd non-polluted areas in Japan.
本研究的目的是评估尿镉所表明的环境镉（Cd）暴露对日本普通人群全因死亡率的影响。对居住在日本三个无镉污染地区的1067名50岁及以上男性和1590名50岁及以上女性进行了一项为期19年的队列研究。根据肌酐校正后的尿镉（µg g⁻¹ cre）将受试者分为四个四分位数。使用比例风险回归估计连续尿镉或尿镉四分位数的全因死亡率的风险比（HR）和95%置信区间（CI）。男性和女性每1000人年的全因死亡率分别为31.2和15.1。连续尿镉（+1 µg g⁻¹ cre）与男性（HR 1.05，95% CI：1.02 - 1.09）和女性（HR 1.04，95% CI：1.01 - 1.07）的全因死亡率显著相关。此外，在男性中，尿镉的第三个四分位数（1.96 - 3.22 µg g⁻¹ cre）和第四个四分位数（≥3.23 µg g⁻¹ cre）与第一个四分位数（<1.14 µg g⁻¹ cre）相比，全因死亡率显示出显著的正HR（第三个：HR 1.35，95% CI：1.03 - 1.77，第四个：HR 1.64，95% CI：1.26 - 2.14）。在女性中，尿镉的第四个四分位数（≥4.66 µg g⁻¹ cre）与第一个四分位数（<1.46 µg g⁻¹ cre）相比，全因死亡率也显示出显著的HR（1.49，95% CI 1.11 - 2.00）。在本研究中，尿镉与日本普通人群死亡率增加显著相关，表明环境镉暴露对日本无镉污染地区的生命预后有不利影响。
