Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Department of Health Systems and Populations, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2190, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Sep 18;17(18):6812. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186812.
The continuing high prevalence of child overweight and obesity globally means that it remains the most common chronic health condition in children. Population-based child obesity surveillance systems are critical for monitoring trends in obesity and related behaviours, and determining the overall effect of child obesity prevention strategies. Effective surveillance systems may vary in methods, scope, purpose, objectives, and attributes, and our aim was to provide an overview of child obesity surveillance systems globally, and to highlight main components and other types of survey data that can enhance our understanding of child obesity. Measures of adiposity, including body mass index and waist circumference are essential, but effective surveillance must also include measures of weight-related behaviours, including diet, physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep. While objective measures are desirable, the variability in psychometrics and rapid evolution of wearable devices is potentially problematic for examining long-term trends over time and how behaviours may change. Questionnaires on self-reported behaviours are often used but also have limitations. Because the determinants of obesity are not only functioning at the individual level, some measures of the broader environmental and commercial determinants, including the built and food environments, are useful to guide upstream policy decisions.
全球范围内儿童超重和肥胖的持续高发意味着它仍然是儿童中最常见的慢性健康问题。基于人群的儿童肥胖监测系统对于监测肥胖和相关行为趋势以及确定儿童肥胖预防策略的总体效果至关重要。有效的监测系统在方法、范围、目的、目标和属性上可能存在差异，我们的目的是全面概述全球儿童肥胖监测系统，并强调可以增强我们对儿童肥胖认识的主要组成部分和其他类型的调查数据。体脂测量指标，包括体重指数和腰围，是必不可少的，但有效的监测还必须包括与体重相关的行为的测量指标，包括饮食、身体活动、久坐时间和睡眠。虽然客观指标是理想的，但可穿戴设备的心理测量学的差异和快速发展可能对随时间检查长期趋势以及行为如何变化造成问题。关于自我报告行为的问卷通常被使用，但也有其局限性。由于肥胖的决定因素不仅存在于个体层面，因此包括建筑和食品环境在内的更广泛的环境和商业决定因素的一些措施有助于指导上游政策决策。
