Yang Wonho, Park Jinhyeon, Cho Mansu, Lee Cheolmin, Lee Jeongil, Lee Chaekwan
Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea.
Center of Environmental Health Monitoring, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea.
Toxics. 2020 Sep 18;8(3):74. doi: 10.3390/toxics8030074.
Human exposure to air pollution is a major public health concern. Environmental policymakers have been implementing various strategies to reduce exposure, including the 10th-day-no-driving system. To assess exposure of an entire population of a community in a highly polluted area, pollutant concentrations in microenvironments and population time-activity patterns are required. To date, population exposure to air pollutants has been assessed using air monitoring data from fixed atmospheric monitoring stations, atmospheric dispersion modeling, or spatial interpolation techniques for pollutant concentrations. This is coupled with census data, administrative registers, and data on the patterns of the time-based activities at the individual scale. Recent technologies such as sensors, the Internet of Things (IoT), communications technology, and artificial intelligence enable the accurate evaluation of air pollution exposure for a population in an environmental health context. In this study, the latest trends in published papers on the assessment of population exposure to air pollution were reviewed. Subsequently, this study proposes a methodology that will enable policymakers to develop an environmental health surveillance system that evaluates the distribution of air pollution exposure for a population within a target area and establish countermeasures based on advanced exposure assessment.
人类暴露于空气污染是一个重大的公共卫生问题。环境政策制定者一直在实施各种减少暴露的策略，包括“十日不开车”系统。为了评估高污染地区整个社区人群的暴露情况，需要了解微环境中的污染物浓度以及人群的时间活动模式。迄今为止，一直使用来自固定大气监测站的空气监测数据、大气扩散模型或污染物浓度的空间插值技术来评估人群对空气污染物的暴露情况。这与人口普查数据、行政登记数据以及个体层面基于时间的活动模式数据相结合。诸如传感器、物联网（IoT）、通信技术和人工智能等最新技术能够在环境卫生背景下准确评估人群的空气污染暴露情况。在本研究中，回顾了已发表的关于人群空气污染暴露评估论文的最新趋势。随后，本研究提出了一种方法，该方法将使政策制定者能够开发一个环境卫生监测系统，该系统可评估目标区域内人群的空气污染暴露分布，并基于先进的暴露评估制定应对措施。
