新冠肺炎疫情期间伊朗孕妇的抑郁、压力、焦虑及其预测因素。
Depression, stress, anxiety and their predictors in Iranian pregnant women during the outbreak of COVID-19.
机构信息
Reproductive Health Research Center, Midwifery Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Department of Midwifery, Shohada Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
出版信息
BMC Psychol. 2020 Sep 22;8(1):99. doi: 10.1186/s40359-020-00464-8.
BACKGROUND
Pregnancy as a sensitive period of a woman's life can be affected by various psychological factors that can have adverse effects on the woman, her fetus and future baby. Since COVID-19 is a new phenomenon with limited information available, it may have adverse psychological effects on pregnant women. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the status of depression, stress, anxiety and their predictors in Iranian pregnant women during the outbreak of COVID-19.
METHODS
This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 205 pregnant women covered by Tabriz health centers in Iran. The sampling method used was cluster sampling. The data collection tool was the socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire and the DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21), which were completed online by pregnant women. The general linear model was used to determine the predictive factors of depression, anxiety and stress.
RESULTS
The mean (SD) score of depression, stress, and anxiety were 3.91 (3.9), 6.22 (4.25), and 3.79 (3.39), respectively; the score range of 0 to 21. Depression, stress, and anxiety symptoms were observed in 32.7, 32.7, and 43.9% of the participants, respectively, with varying degrees from mild to very severe. Based on the adjusted general linear model, variables of education level, spouse's job and marital life satisfaction were the predictors of depressive symptoms. Variables of spouse's education level, spouse's support, marital life satisfaction and the number of pregnancies were the predictive factors of anxiety symptoms and the variables of spouse's education level, household income sufficiency, spouse's support and marital life satisfaction were predictors of stress symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Considering the role of marital life satisfaction, high level of spouse's education and income in reducing symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression in pregnant women in critical situations such as the prevalence of COVID-19, it seems that using strategies to promote marital life satisfaction and socio-economic status can play an effective role in controlling anxiety and reducing stress and depression in pregnant women.
背景
妊娠是女性生命中的一个敏感时期，可能会受到各种心理因素的影响，这些因素可能对女性、胎儿和未来婴儿产生不良影响。由于 COVID-19 是一种新出现的现象，可用信息有限，它可能对孕妇产生不良心理影响。因此，本研究旨在确定伊朗孕妇在 COVID-19 爆发期间抑郁、压力、焦虑的状况及其预测因素。
方法
这是一项描述性分析性的横断面研究，在伊朗的大不里士卫生中心对 205 名孕妇进行了研究。采用的抽样方法是聚类抽样。数据收集工具是社会人口统计学特征问卷和 DASS-21（抑郁、焦虑和压力量表-21），由孕妇在线填写。采用一般线性模型确定抑郁、焦虑和压力的预测因素。
结果
抑郁、压力和焦虑的平均（标准差）评分分别为 3.91（3.9）、6.22（4.25）和 3.79（3.39）；评分范围为 0 到 21。研究对象中，分别有 32.7%、32.7%和 43.9%出现不同程度的抑郁、压力和焦虑症状，从轻度到重度不等。根据调整后的一般线性模型，教育程度、配偶工作和婚姻生活满意度是抑郁症状的预测因素。配偶的教育程度、配偶的支持、婚姻生活满意度和怀孕次数是焦虑症状的预测因素，而配偶的教育程度、家庭收入充足程度、配偶的支持和婚姻生活满意度是压力症状的预测因素。
结论
考虑到婚姻生活满意度、配偶教育程度和收入水平在降低 COVID-19 流行等危急情况下孕妇的压力、焦虑和抑郁症状方面的作用，似乎采用策略来提高婚姻生活满意度和社会经济地位，可以在控制孕妇焦虑和减轻压力和抑郁方面发挥有效作用。
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